Sulfur activation-related extracellular proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The fractions of the extracellular proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on two different energy substrates, elemental sulfur and ferrous sulfate,were selectively prepared with hot water treatment and distinctly shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.Some protein spots with apparently higher abundance in sulfur energy substrate than in ferrous sulfate energy substrate were identified by using MALDI-TOF/TOE Based on peptide mass fingerprints and bioinformatical analysis,the extracellular ...     

3种典型能量代谢菌浸出黄铜矿及其硫形态的转化

比较了3种典型嗜中温铁/硫代谢菌——Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans、Leptospirillum ferriphilum及Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans单独及混合浸出黄铜矿过程中细菌硫氧化、铁氧化情况。同时利用XRD、硫的K边X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)等分析手段研究3种细菌单独/混合浸出黄铜矿过程中矿物组成成分和矿物表面硫的形态变化。结果表明:在浸出初期电位低于400 mV(vs SCE)时,黄铜矿的浸出速率较快,此后电位迅速升高至540 mV,黄铜矿浸出速率明显变慢。混合菌浸出时体系的硫/铁氧化活性较单一菌高,根据XANES拟合分析发现,混合菌浸出时矿物表面元素硫及黄钾铁矾积累量明显减少,浸出初期辉铜矿产量明显高于单一细菌浸出的。     

透皮给药制剂研究

药物的透皮给药主要受到药物的分子量和亲水／油性等因素的影响．将药物制成前体药物，或用脂质体、传递体或环糊精及其衍生物将其包埋等措施改变药物的亲水／油性，同时，辅以离子导入、超声波导入、电致孔等物理促渗方法以及氮酮和丙二醇等化学促渗剂，可有效提高药物(尤其是生物大分子药物和复方中药)经皮给药效率．因此，有效的透皮给药制剂必须从药物、药物载体、药物透皮吸收促进剂及粘性支撑材料等各组成入手，结合药理与疗效等进行综合研制．此外，阐明了典型中西药透皮给药制剂的给药机理和特点，对国内外有关中西药透皮给药制剂及其各组件的研究现状和发展趋势进行了探讨．     

纳米硅胶的仿生合成研究

介绍了硅胶仿生合成中硅前体和有机大分子添加剂的类型及其作用机制,重点讨论了纳米硅胶仿生合成的影响因素.硅前体主要影响硅胶形成的动力学速度,对于一定的硅前体,尤其是有机硅前体,溶液的pH、预水解时间、硅前体的浓度、反应时间、反应温度和搅拌速率等都是控制硅胶产物形成的因素.有机大分子添加剂主要对硅胶的晶核形成和长大起到定向模板的诱导作用,是决定硅胶粒子大小、结构和形态的主要因素,来自生物体或仿生合成的有机聚阳离子或能与硅氧离子形成氢键的聚合物是理想的添加剂类型.反应介质的性质能对有机大分子添加剂的诱导作用产生一定的影响.     

Sulfur activation-related extracellular proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The fractions of the extracellular proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on two different energy substrates, elemental sulfur and ferrous sulfate, were selectively prepared with hot water treatment and distinctly shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Some protein spots with apparently higher abundance in sulfur energy substrate than in ferrous sulfate energy substrate were identified by using MALDI-TOF/TOE Based on peptide mass fingerprints and bioinformatical analysis, the extracellular proteins were classified according to their functions as conjugal transfer protein, pilin, vacJ lipoprotein, polysaccharide deacetylase family protein, Ser/Thr protein phosphatase family protein and hypothetical proteins. Several extracellular proteins were found abundant in thiol groups and with CXXC functional motif, these proteins may be directly involved in the sulfur activation by use of their thiol group （Pr-SH） to bond the elemental sulfur.     

Comparative study on biosorption of Pb（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） by Synechococcus sp.

The comparative study on adsorptions of Pb（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） ions by free cells and immobilized cells of Synechococcus sp. was performed, in which different aspects including Zeta potential of the cells, the influence of pH, temperature and initial concentration of metal ions, as well as adsorption kinetics and mechanism were referred. The lyophilized free cells have a surface isoelectric point at pH 3, and the correlative experiment indicates that there is an electrostatic adsorption feature of Cr（Ⅵ） and Pb（ Ⅱ ） The immobilization of the free cells by Ca-alginate does not significantly modify the adsorption features of the biosorbent. The absorption processes of Cr（Ⅵ） and Pb（Ⅱ） on both free and immobilized cells are apparently affected by pH and the initial concentration of metal ions in the bulk solution, but are much weakly affected by temperature in the test range of 10-50 ℃. The slow course of biosorption follows the first order kinetic model, the adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） obeys both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, while the adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ） obeys only Freundlich model. FT-IR results indicate that carboxylic, alcoholic, amide and amino groups are responsible for the binding of the metal ions, and reduction of Cr（Ⅵ） to Cr（Ⅲ） takes place after Cr（Ⅵ） adsorbs electrostatically onto the surface of the biosorbents.     

Growth and surface properties of new thermoacidophilic Archaea strain Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 grown on different substrates

The growth and surface properties of new thermoacidophilic Archaea strain Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 isolated from an acid hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China were investigated cultured on different substrates including soluble substrate ferrous sulfate and nonsoluble solid substrates S^0, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The growth characteristics of the cells in each substrate were characterized with the changes in cell number, pH, Eh, and concentrations of Fe^2＋ or SO4^2- , or ratios of [Fe^2＋] to [Fe^3＋], and the surface properties were characterized and analyzed in terms of Zeta-potential, hydrophobicity, and surface FT-IR spectra of the cells. The results show that the cells grown on solid substrates have higher value of isoelectric points. They are more hydrophobic and express more surface proteins than ferrous sulfate grown cells.     

元素硫对黄铜矿生物浸出行为及群落结构的影响(英文)

研究3种典型铁/硫代谢菌—Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Leptospirillum ferriphilum及Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans混合浸出黄铜矿过程中铁/硫氧化活性、群落结构(PCR-RFLP)的变化,以及不同浓度的元素硫对其影响。结果发现,加入3.193g/L元素硫能促进细菌的表观硫氧化活性,改变浸矿体系的群落结构,并进一步影响钝化层的形成、金属离子的溶出,其浸出率(71%)较未添加硫的(67%)有一定程度的提高。而过量的元素硫会抑制铜的浸出(浸出率44%)。     

黄铜矿生物浸出过程的硫形态转化研究进展

黄铜矿生物浸出过程中会生成元素硫及其他含硫中间产物和衍生物,它们对黄铜矿溶解产生钝化或促进作用。研究黄铜矿生物浸出过程的硫形态转化,可以有效了解阻碍或促进黄铜矿生物浸出的关键物质形态以及影响这些形态形成的机制,从而为进一步了解黄铜矿的钝化机制、揭示黄铜矿的溶解机制奠定理论基础。介绍了黄铜矿生物浸出过程产生的含硫中间产物和衍生物及其硫形态转化研究的进展。