Sintering of the NiFe2O4-10NiO/xNi Cermet

The sintering behavior of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/xNi cermet which was used as the most prospective inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis was studied by examining the effects of raw powder particle size, sintering temperature, and the contents of Ni. The results show that fine particle size enables the powder to have high driving force for sintering. High temperature is beneficial to densification, but the ultra-high temperature does harm to the improvement of the density. The samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/SNi has the highest relative density of 97.28 % when it is sintered at 1 350 ℃, but it decreases to 95.23 % when sintered at 1 400 ℃. Low addition of Ni has a great help to the sintering of NiFe2 O4-10NiO matrix. When the samples are sintered at 1 350 ℃ and the mass fraction of Ni is 5%, the highest relative density is gained, but the density decreases with the further increase of Ni contents. The low density of the sintered samples of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/17Ni is attributed to the high volume fraction of pores.     

独居石脱除工业硫酸锌溶液中氟的吸附性能

采用独居石对工业硫酸锌溶液进行吸附脱氟,研究吸附时间、吸附温度、吸附剂添加量、pH等工艺参数对脱氟效果的影响,分析其吸附动力学及等温线特征,初步探讨独居石的脱氟机理。结果表明:独居石中的铈与工业硫酸锌溶液中氟的相互作用使氟得以脱除;采用独居石吸附脱氟符合伪一级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型,其最大理论吸附容量可达5.29 mg/g;当工业硫酸锌溶液在温度70℃、吸附时间65 min、添加量为25 g/L、pH值为1时,氟的脱除率可达到46.06%,具有良好的脱氟效果。     

Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-CaF_2-MgF_2-Al_2O_3熔盐的初晶温度

采用热分析法研究K_3AlF_6、LiF和AlF_3等含量对铝电解质Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-CaF_2-MgF_2-Al_2O_3熔盐初晶温度的影响,分析熔盐组成对初晶温度的影响机制。结果表明:含Li熔盐初晶温度随K_3AlF_6含量的增加而降低,当熔盐中LiF含量分别为0和4%(质量分数)时,随着熔盐中K_3AlF_6含量从3%增加至12%,熔盐初晶温度分别降低27.4℃和21.2℃;LiF对含K电解质熔盐初晶温度有降低作用,当熔盐中K_3AlF_6含量分别为0和6%,随着熔盐中LiF含量从0增加到4%,熔盐的初晶温度分别降低31.2℃和27℃;AlF_3对Li、K共存复杂电解质熔盐初晶温度有降低作用,当熔盐中LiF含量为1%、K_3AlF_6含量为9%时,熔盐中AlF_3含量每增加1%,熔盐的初晶温度将降低6.3℃;而当熔盐不含Li、K时,熔盐中AlF_3的含量每增加1%,可引起熔盐初晶温度的降低值为7.6℃。复杂电解质熔盐中锂盐和钾盐分别以Li_2NaAlF_6和K_2NaAlF_6形式存在,其在熔盐中含量是影响熔盐初晶温度的主要原因。     

氯离子对Pb-Ag-RE合金阳极电化学行为的影响

采用恒流极化,SEM,XRD,EIS和Tafel扫描对比研究了Pb-Ag-RE合金阳极在无Cl-和含500 mg/L Cl-H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为和析氧行为.结果表明,Pb-Ag-RE阳极在含Cl-电解液中生成的氧化膜层出现"火山口"状孔洞,合金基底上分布着大量的腐蚀坑,呈现出明显的局部腐蚀特征.此外,Cl-的存在会减少阳极表面氧化膜层中Pb O2的含量,抑制析氧反应中间产物的生成和吸附,进而增加析氧反应传荷阻抗.因此,500 mg/L的Cl-对Pb-Ag-RE合金阳极的耐腐蚀性能和析氧活性均会造成不利影响,工业生产中应尽量降低电解液中Cl-的浓度.     

锂硫电池用气相生长碳纤维增强硫-多壁碳纳米管复合正极的影响(英文)

制备了锂硫电池用硫-多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料,并分别采用气相生长碳纤维(VGCFs)和导电炭黑作为复合正极的导电添加剂,通过形貌表征(SEM)、恒流充放电测试和交流阻抗分析(EIS)研究VGCFs对硫-多壁碳纳米管复合正极的影响。结果表明:采用VGCFs作添加剂的硫-多壁碳纳米管复合电极具有三维网状结构,其首次放电比容量为1254 mA·h/g,40次循环后容量保持在716 mA·h/g。与采用导电炭黑为添加剂的电极相比,采用VGCFs为添加剂的电极具有更高的活性物质利用率和更好的循环稳定性。相互搭接的纤维状VGCFs可形成稳定的导电网络,抑制正极材料及残存放电产物的团聚堆积,维持电极的多孔性,从而改善电池的电化学性能。     

新型阴极钢棒对铝电解槽电热场的影响

采用数值仿真的方法对应用一种可减小铝液中水平电流的新型阴极钢棒的420 kA级铝电解槽进行三维计算,分析这种新型阴极钢棒对铝液中水平电流、槽电压以及电解槽温度分布的影响。结果表明:新型阴极钢棒可有效地减小铝液中X方向的水平电流;新型阴极钢棒中绝缘材料的加入在一定程度上增大了槽电压;当钢棒和钢棒糊接触不是很好时,新型阴极钢棒电解槽比传统阴极钢棒电解槽更容易出现阴极炭块和钢棒连接区域温度过高的情况。该计算结果可为铝电解槽在应用此种新型阴极钢棒后所获得的节能效果以及个别槽在运行过程中出现的问题提供理论依据。     

超级电容器的制造工艺优化与性能研究

器件的工程化制造作为超级电容器研发的主要内容之一,是决定超级电容器能否产业化的关键所在。以自制活性炭为原料,制备了2.5V/10F有机系超级电容器,考察了不同黏接剂体系、导电剂含量、黏接剂含量、轧制压力对超级电容器容量与内阻的影响,并对所制备的超级电容器进行了性能检测。检测结果表明:在1.6A的放电电流时,电容器能量密度为2.96Wh/kg,在2.5V恒压1h后,电容器漏电流小于0.15mA,在5000次循环后,超级电容器容量与500次循环时相比,衰减量小于3%。     

卷绕型超级电容器的电容特性

以高性能活性炭为电极材料,采用锂离子电池和铝电解电容器的制作工艺,制备出尺寸为Φ12 mm×20 mm的卷绕型超级电容器.通过BET比表面积、扫描电镜、激光粒度和振实密度对活性炭进行了分析;通过恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法,对超级电容器的充放电特性、功率特性、电容量、内阻、漏电流和循环寿命等进行了研究.活性炭的比表面积为1 770 m2/g,总孔容为0.831 6 ml/g,平均孔径为1.880 nm,平均粒径为5.19 μm,振实密度为0.41g/cm3.制备的超级电容器为2.5 V/6.0 F,直流内阻为150 mΩ,交流内阻为58 mΩ,功率特性和循环性能良好.     

Electrochemical performance of interfacially polymerized polyaniline nanofibres as electrode materials for non-aqueous redox supercapacitors

H⁺ doped polyaniline nanofibre (PH) was synthesized by interfacial polymerization and polyanilines doped with Li salt (PLI and PHLI) were prepared by immersing emeraldine base (EB) and H⁺ doped polyaniline in 1 mol/L LiPF₆/(EC-EMC-DMC), respectively. PH, PLI and PHLI were all characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. With 1 mol/L LiPF₆/(EC-EMC-DMC) as electrolyte, PH, PHLI and PLI were used as the active materials of symmetric non-aqueous redox supercapacitors. PLI shows the highest initial specific capacitance of 120 F/g (47 F/g for PH and 66 F/g for PHLI) among three samples. After 500 cycles, the specific capacitance of PLI remains 75 F/g, indicating the good cycleability.     

Effect of CaO doping on corrosion resistance of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

The CaO-doped Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anodes were prepared by the cold isostatie pressing-sintering process, and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-Al203 melt was studied. The results show that the relative density of 5Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet sintered at 1 200 ℃ increases from 82.83% to 97.63% when 2% CaO （mass fraction） is added. During the electrolysis, the relative density of cermet inert anode descends owing to the chemical dissolution of additive CaO at ceramic grain boundary, which accelerates the penetration of electrolyte. Thus, the corrosion resistance to melts of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode is reduced. To improve the corrosion resistance of the cermet inert anode, the content of CaO doped should be decreased and the technology of cleaning the ceramic grain boundary should be applied.