Co-Se化合物薄膜的电沉积制备与表征

采用电沉积方法在SnO2玻璃基底上制备了Co-Se化合物薄膜.研究了薄膜形成的电化学机理和电沉积工艺对薄膜组成与形貌的影响,并表征了薄膜的结构与光学性质.结果表明:Co2+受预沉积Se的表面诱导还原或直接与H2SeO3的六电子还原反应产物H2Se发生反应形成Co-Se化合物;沉积电位、沉积温度和pH值均显著影响电沉积Co-Se化合物薄膜的形貌与成分;在沉积电位为?0.5V(vs SCE)、沉积温度为50℃和pH值为2.0时可制备出表面致密平整且呈六方晶型结构的富硒CoSe薄膜,其光吸收系数达到1×105 cm?1,直接带隙宽度为(1.53±0.01)eV,接近单结太阳电池光吸收层材料的理论最佳值.     

Na3A1F6-K3A1F6-A1F3熔体的电导率研究

通过连续改变电导池常数法（CVCC）,用自制的电导率测试装置研究KCl溶液与熔融KCl的电导率。实验证明连续改变电导池常数法能满足于一般的科学实验要求,自制的电导率测试装跫能满足常温实验和高温实验的电导率测试要求。通过此装置测定了钾冰晶石在（Na3AlF6＋K3AlF6）熔体中的含量为40％,AlF3在（Na3AlF6＋K3AlF6＋AlF3）混合熔体中的含量分别为0、20％、24％和30％的电导率,实验还讨论了AlF3含量对电导率的影响。     

硫化退火温度对金属三靶顺序溅射CZTS薄膜性能的影响

通过XRD及Raman物相分析、SEM形貌观察和EDS成分分析等方法研究了硫化退火温度对金属三靶顺序溅射铜锌锡硫(CZTS)薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,在一定温度范围内(500~580℃),随着温度的升高薄膜的结晶性能有变好的趋势,形貌也得到了改善。当温度达到600℃时,CZTS薄膜会发生分解反应,该分解反应不但导致薄膜结晶性能及形貌恶化,也造成了锡元素的损失。580℃条件下获得的薄膜各项性能俱佳,是最适合本实验体系的退火温度。     

铝电解槽阴极材料抗钠侵蚀性的测试与研究方法

铝电解槽阴极抗钠侵蚀能力是评价阴极质量的一个重要指标，本文介绍了国内外对于铝电解槽阴极钠侵蚀的主要测定和研究方法。评述了不同方法对于考察阴极材料抗钠侵蚀能力的主要特点，预见了今后阴极材料在抗钠侵蚀能力方面研究测定的发展方向。     

预焙铝电解槽阳极底部开排气沟对电解质流场的影响

对预焙铝电解槽阳极底部开排气沟时周围电解质流场进行计算,发现部分阳极气体可以通过排气沟向外排放,减少气泡在阳极底部停留时间和阳极底掌气泡覆盖率,从而有利于降低极间电阻压降和阳极效应系数,减少电解能耗;另一方面气体带动电解质进入排气沟,然后进入电解槽侧部通道,扩大了电解质循环通道,促进了阳极周围电解质流动和槽内的传质传热,有利于保持电解正常进行,相比之下排气沟为通沟时较非通沟更有利于保持电解质流动稳定;同时由于排气沟促进了阳极气体排放,使铝液与阳极气体发生“二次反应”(即电解还原的铝卷入电解质中被阳极气体重新氧化)的机会减少,有利于提高铝电解电流效率。     

铝电解用TiB2阴极涂层固化、炭化的升温制度

采用DTG, DDTA等热分析手段, 研究了高温固化、炭化过程中, 铝电解用TiB2阴极涂层糊料的质量和能量的变化速率, 制定了涂层的变速固化、炭化升温制度; 在此基础上, 研究了升温制度对TiB2阴极涂层性能的影响.结果表明 变速升温制度优于匀速升温制度, 采用变速固化、炭化升温制度所制备的涂层形变小、无裂纹, 其抗拉强度达3.13 MPa, 电阻率为23.2 μΩ*m; 而采用升温速度为10.3 ℃/h的匀速固化、炭化升温制度制备的涂层形变大、裂纹多, 抗拉强度小(2.69 MPa), 电阻率大(28.6 μΩ*m).     

铝电解惰性阳极用Ni-Zn铁氧体的固态合成

采用固态合成法分别在惰性气氛和空气下，制备不同成分的Ni(l-x)ZnxFe2O4铁氧体尖晶石。对反应产物的物相、粒度和形貌的检测表明：在Ar气保护下煅烧主要发生氧化物的离解反应，反应物无法得到目标物相；采用反应烧结法制备铝电解金属陶瓷惰性阳极时，须保持一定的氧分压，以避免金属氧化物的离解和金属相的氧化；在空气中，通过固态反应可制备出理想的铝电解惰性阳极用Ni(l-x)ZnxFe2O4尖晶石，其粒度细，且符合标准正态分布，烧结温度低，在1150℃下保温6h即实现完全反应。     

不同活化方式制备碳电极材料的电化学性能

以碳化后的中间相沥青为原料,分别采用化学活化和物理-化学联合活化工艺制备了超级电容器用活性炭电极材料,对不同活化方式制备的活性炭电极材料的微晶结构、孔径分布、比电容量、循环伏安和交流阻抗特性进行了比较。实验结果表明：采用物理-化学联合活化工艺制备的活性炭电极材料具有更理想的微晶结构和中孔含量。活性炭电极材料的结构与孔隙分布对电性能有明显影响,采用联合活化方式制备的电极材料具有较高的面积比容量、较好的功率特性及较理想的电容特性。     

Electrolysis expansion performance of semigraphitic cathode in [K3AlF6/Na3AlF6]-AlF3-Al2O3 bath system

The electrolysis expansion of semigraphitic cathode in [K₃AlF₆/Na₃AlF₆]-AlF₃-Al₂O₃ bath system was tested by self-made modified Rapoport apparatus. A mathematical model was introduced to discuss the effects of α _CR (cryolite ratio) and β _KR (elpasolite content divided by the total amount of elpasolite and sodium cryolite) on performance of cathode electrolysis expansion. The results show that K and Na (potassium and sodium) penetrate into the cathode together and have an obvious influence on the performance of cathode electrolysis expansion. The electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate increase with the increase of α _CR. When α _CR=1.9 and β _KR=0.5, the electrolysis expansion is the highest, which is 3.95%; and when α _CR=1.4 and β _KR=0.1, the electrolysis expansion is the lowest, which is 1.28%. But the effect of β _KR is correlative with α _CR. When α _CR=1.6 and 1.9, with the increase of β _KR, the electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate increase. However, when α _CR=1.4, the electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of β _KR. Foundation item: Project (2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project (2008AA030502) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Effects of carbon sources on electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/C composite anode materials

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials were synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method with glucose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources, respectively. The effects of carbon sources on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials were investigated by SEM, XRD and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that carbon sources have almost no effect on the structure of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials. The initial discharge capacities of the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials are slightly lower than those of as-synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. However, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials show better electrochemical rate performance than the as-synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. The capacity retention (79%) of the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials with starch as carbon source, is higher than that of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials with glucose and sucrose as carbon source at current rate of 2.0C.