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21.
A set of poly[N‐oligo(ethylene oxide)yl 4‐vinylpyridinium tosylate] (P4VOEOOTs) has been prepared by spontaneous polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine. This method gives a grafted polyelectrolyte having a positive charge on every backbone pyridinic moiety. The P4VP15Ts, P4VP164Ts, P4VP350Ts and P4VP750Ts aqueous solution conductivities were determined in the concentration range from 6 × 10?4 to 10?2 M at 25 °C. The variation of the conductivity versus concentration of the investigated system exhibits typical polyelectrolyte behaviour. The polyelectrolyte mobility was found to be dependent on the oligo(ethylene oxide) (OEO) side‐chain length. Manning's rod‐like model fails to describe these results. A simple steric effect is proposed to explain the influence of the OEO length. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
22.
The activation of safety valves causes the development of flow reaction forces that have to be transferred in an adequate way via the piping to the steel structure or via the connected vessel into the foundation. If the safety valve outlet piping is connected to a blowdown system or, in case of blowing off into the atmosphere, are equipped with a T‐piece at the outlet, the stationary reaction forces are compensated completely. The transient opening process, however, develops flow reaction forces which culminate in peaks of short duration. In this article, a simple method will be proposed for the estimation of the resulting reaction forces as a function of the length of the pipe at the safety valve outlet. CFD calculations and blowdown tests executed with a full‐lift safety valve have confirmed this method on principle. Special importance is attributed to the short duration of the effect of the reaction forces which seems to have only a negligible impact on the supporting steel structure. 相似文献
23.
Ferrite particles coated with biocompatible phases can be used for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. We have synthesized substituted
calcium hexaferrite, which is not stable on its own but is stabilized with small substitution of La. Hexaferrite of chemical
composition (CaO)0.75(La203)0.20(Fe2O3)6 was prepared using citrate gel method. Hydroxyapatite was prepared by precipitating it from aqueous solution of Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 maintaining pH above 11. Four different methods were used for coating of hydroxyapatite on ferrite particles. SEM with EDX
and X-ray diffraction analysis shows clear evidence of coating of hydroxyapatite on ferrite particles. These coated ferrite
particles exhibited coercive field up to 2 kOe, which could be made useful for hysteresis heating in hyperthermia. Studies
by culturing BHK-21 cells and WBC over the samples show evidence of biocompatibility. SEM micrographs and cell counts give
clear indication of cell growth on the surface of the sample. Finally coated ferrite particle was implanted in Kasaulli mouse
to test its biocompatibility. The magnetic properties and biocompatibility studies show that these hydroxyapatite coated ferrites
could be useful for hyperthermia. 相似文献
24.
Korolev I. A. Alekseenko N. N. Porodnov B. T. Sapunov V. A. Savel'ev D. V. 《Measurement Techniques》2003,46(9):865-871
The design of a sylphon bellows sensor and the basic circuits of an LC-generator and of a microprocessor unit are presented. An analytical pressure–frequency conversion function and a special method of adjusting the sensor ensure an error of less than 0.05%. The dynamic range is up to 105. The instruments developed cover the ranges 103, 104, and 105 Pa. 相似文献
25.
26.
Chloride doped polyaniline conducting polymer films have been prepared in a protic acid medium (HCl) by potentiodynamic method
in an electrochemical cell and studied by cyclic voltammetry and FTIR techniques. The FTIR spectra confirmed Cl- ion doping in the polymers. The polymerization rate was found to increase with increasing concentration of aniline monomer.
But the films obtained at high monomer concentration were rough having a nonuniform flaky polyaniline distribution. Results
showed that the polymerization rate did not increase beyond a critical HCl concentration. Cyclic voltammetry suggested that,
the oxidation-reduction current increased with an increase in scan rate and that the undoped polyaniline films were not hygroscopic
whereas chloride doped polyaniline films were found to be highly hygroscopic. 相似文献
27.
Quasi-static stress fields for a crack inclined to the property gradation in functionally graded materials 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary. Quasi-static stress fields for a crack inclined to the direction of property gradation in functionally graded materials (FGMs)
are obtained through an asymptotic analysis coupled with Westergaard's stress function approach. The elastic modulus of the
FGM is assumed to vary exponentially along the gradation direction. The mode mixity due to the inclination of the property
gradient is accommodated in the analysis through superposition of opening and shear modes. The first four terms in the expansion
of the stress field are derived to explicitly bring out the influence of nonhomogeneity on the structure of the stress field.
Using these stress field contours of constant maximum shear stress, constant maximum principal stress, constant first stress
invariant and constant out of plane displacement are generated, and the effect of inclination of the property gradation direction
on these contours is discussed.
Received September 22, 2002
Published online: May 20, 2003
The financial support of National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant no. CMS 99000138 is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
28.
V. N. Tsygankov V. V. Safonov A. I. Kozlov V. P. Gavrilov 《Inorganic Materials》2003,39(10):1076-1078
The GeO2–NiO system is studied in the stability range of Ni2GeO4 by temperature-dependent resistivity measurements, in combination with x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and thermogravimetry. The resistivity of the starting mixtures and heat-treated samples is measured in the composition range 55–90 mol % NiO. The effect of air humidity on the resistivity of the samples is examined. 相似文献
29.
A cell vertex finite volume method for the solution of steady compressible turbulent flow problems on unstructured hybrid
meshes of tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids and hexahedra is described. These hybrid meshes are constructed by firstly discretising
the computational domain using tetrahedral elements and then by merging certain tetrahedra. A one equation turbulence model
is employed and the solution of the steady flow equations is obtained by explicit relaxation. The solution process is accelerated
by the addition of a multigrid method, in which the coarse meshes are generated by agglomeration, and by parallelisation.
The approach is shown to be effective for the simulation of a number of 3D flows of current practical interest.
Sponsored by The Research Council of Norway, project number 125676/410
Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, a respected colleague 相似文献
30.
The catalytic activities of alumina prepared from an Al alkoxide-amine adduct monomer for the reaction of cyclopentene oxide with piperidine was determined after various pretreatments, including calcination and exposure to moisture. They were compared with the activity of alumina prepared by the conventional hydrolysis method. It was found that the as-prepared sample from the alkoxide-amine monomer preparation was five times more active than a conventional preparation, suggesting that it has a higher density of surface Lewis acid sites. However, its activity was much more severely suppressed by exposure to moisture. 相似文献