Application of nutritional formulare in the dietotherapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases

It was found that the including of nutritional formulae in the dietary therapy for patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity has been evaluated, had a positive effect on the clinical presentation of disease, lipid metabolism and the dynamic of body composition of patients.     

The study of influence of chitosan on clinical, metabolic and immune parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with chitosan on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diet with chitosan in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic, immune status, antropometric levels and lipid spectrum of blood. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes chitosan is rather perspective.     

Effect of vitamin beverages on vitamin sufficiency of the workers of Pskov Hydroelectric Power-Plant

The research of influence of vitamin complexes in the form of a drink or kissel on vitamin sufficiency of working persons has been carried out. Long inclusion (6,5 months) in a diet of vitamin drinks containing about 80% from recommended daily consumption of vitamins, was accompanied by trustworthy improvement of vitamins C and B6 sufficiency and prevention of seasonal deterioration of beta-carotene status. As initially surveyed have been well provided with vitamins A and E, their blood serum level increase had not occurred.     

A surface work function measurement technique utilizing constant deflected grazing electron trajectories: oxygen uptake on Cu(001)

We report on the application of a novel nondestructive in-vacuum technique for relative work function measurements, employing a grazing incidence electron deflection above a sample with a planar surface. Two deflected electron beam detectors are used as a position sensitive detector to control feedback to the sample potential as the sample work function changes. With feedback the sample potential exactly follows the surface sample-size averaged work function variation, so that the deflected beam trajectory remains stable. We also discuss methods to optimize the initial electron trajectories for this method, so as to minimize unwanted effects such as from uncontrolled external magnetic fields. As the electron beam does not impinge on the surface in this new technique electron induced desorption, ionization, dissociation, and/or decomposition is not induced at the interface. Importantly also the technique allows for free access to the surfaces enabling simultaneous deposition/evaporation and/or application of other surface characterization methods. We demonstrate its application in concurrent measurements of helium atom reflectivity and work function changes taking place during molecular oxygen exposure of a Cu(001) surface. A work function measurement sensitivity and stability is demonstrated at ～10?mV at a sampling rate of 1 Hz and after application of an ～7?s smoothing routine. In comparison to the helium atom reflectivity measurements, the work function measurements are more sensitive to the initial O uptake, and less so to the final coverage variations and possible surface reordering at higher O coverages.     

The homeostatic changes of mineral and trace elements during of year at rheumatoid arthritis

Dietetic therapy on a basis of specially developed variant anti-inflammatory, hypoallergic, hyposodium diets 10 PA, applied in Clinic of Institute of Nutrition Russian Academy of Medical Science for treatment of patients rheumatoid an arthritis, has yielded the positive clinical results comparable to efficiency of medicinal therapy. Two-year-old researches have allowed to receive representative enough (756 element-definition) a material on macro- and to microelement structure of plasma of blood of patients and its seasonal dynamics determined by interaction two neurohumoral systems. For two elements--K and Zn, changes of concentration in whey of blood during one year it was revealed not, but for others five investigated elements--Na, Ca, Mg, Cu and Fe, curves with appreciable maxima and minima of contents which did not coincide with similar dependences for healthy people and about earlier investigated pathologies of other genesis were observed. The received data are interpreted for the benefit of adaptive, protective character of seasonal changes dynamic homeostasis.     

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with inulin on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with inulin on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with inulin in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immune status. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes inulin is rather perspective.     

Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review

This paper reviews the factors affecting the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle in pigs, sheep and cattle and shows that a major factor is the total amount of fat. The effects of fatty acid composition on meat quality are also reviewed. Pigs have high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including the long chain (C20-22) PUFA in adipose tissue and muscle. The full range of PUFA are also found in sheep adipose tissue and muscle whereas cattle ‘conserve’ long chain PUFA in muscle phospholipid. Linoleic acid (18:2n − 6) is a major ingredient of feeds for all species. Its incorporation into adipose tissue and muscle in relation to the amount in the diet is greater than for other fatty acids. It is deposited in muscle phospholipid at a high level where it and its long chain products eg aracidonic acid (20:4n − 6) compete well for insertion into phospholipid molecules. Its proportion in pig adipose tissue declines as fat deposition proceeds and is an index of fatness. The same inverse relationships are not seen in ruminant adipose tissue but in all species the proportion of 18:2n − 6 declines in muscle as fat deposition increases. The main reason is that phospholipid, where 18:2n − 6 is located, declines as a proportion of muscle lipid and the proportion of neutral lipid, with its higher content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, increases. Oleic acid (18:1cis − 9), formed from stearic acid (18:0) by the enzyme stearoyl Co-A desaturase, is a major component of neutral lipid and in ruminants the same enzyme forms conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an important nutrient in human nutrition. Like 18:2n − 6, -linolenic acid (18:3n − 3) is an essential fatty acid and is important to ruminants since it is the major fatty acid in grass. However it does not compete well for insertion into phospholipid compared with 18:2n − 6 and its incorporation into adipose tissue and muscle is less efficient. Greater biohydrogenation of 18:3n − 3 and a long rumen transit time for forage diets also limits the amount available for tissue uptake compared with 18:2n − 6 from concentrate diets. A positive feature of grass feeding is that levels of the nutritionally important long chain n − 3 PUFA are increased ie EPA (20:5n − 3) and DHA (22:6n − 3). Future research should focus on increasing n − 3 PUFA proportions in lean carcasses and the use of biodiverse pastures and conservation processes which retain the benefits of fresh leafy grass offer opportunities to achieve this. The varying fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue and muscle have profound effects on meat quality. Fatty acid composition determines the firmness/oiliness of adipose tissue and the oxidative stability of muscle, which in turn affects flavour and muscle colour. Vitamin E is an essential nutrient, which stabilises PUFA and has a central role in meat quality, particularly in ruminants.     

The application of artificial protein premixes for nutritive support of patients with chronic renal insufficiency, being treated by perinateal dialysis

As a result of a survey of 56 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, who undergone hemodialysis, it was established, that clinical condition of patients, biochemical and hematological blood indices as well as results of anthropometric research improve upon application of artificial balanced high-protein premixes -"Nutrinil" and "Nutrien-Nefro". Irrespective of way of administration - introperitoneal ("Nutrinil" solution) or enteral ("Nutrien-Nefro" mixture) protein-energetic insufficiency diminishes or totally disappears, body weight, fat and muscle content of the body weight, as well as indices of whole protein, albumine, lymphocytes, haemoglobin, pH approache the norm. Intraperitoneal way of administration of artificial protein premixes increase patients adherence to this procedure, though enteral way of their administration is more preferable from economic point of view.     

Cover slip external cavity diode laser

A 671 nm diode laser with a mode-hop-free tuning range of 40 GHz is described. This long tuning range is achieved by simultaneously ramping the external cavity length with the laser injection current. The laser output pointing remains fixed, independent of its frequency because of the cover slip cavity design. This system is simple, economical, robust, and easy to use for spectroscopy, as we demonstrate with lithium vapor and lithium atom beam experiments.