The Influence of Medium on Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Arcs

This paper mainly focuses on the influence of three kinds of media： air, air-10%PA （Nylon） and air-10% POM （polyoxymethylene） on low-voltage circuit breaker arcs. A threedimensional （3-D） model of arc motioa under the effect of external magnetic field is built based on magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） equations. By adopting the commercial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） package based on the control-volume method, the above MHD equations are solved. For the media of air-10%PA and air-10%POM, the distributions of stationary temperature and electrical potential and the transient motion processes are compared with those of air arc. The research shows that both air-10%PA and air -10% POM can cool the arc plasma and the former is more effective. Both of them can increase the stationary voltage as well. Moreover, the presence of the two mixtures can accelerate the arc motion toward the quenching area and ensures the arc quenched in time.     

论东西伯利亚油气无机生成的可能性

目前，世界上仍根据油气有机生成说（沉积-运移）对油气进行预测和勘探。但近年来出现了越来越多的热力学、地球化学、地球物理学和地质学资料证实，可能存在着地幔生成的烃类（B．C．祖布科夫，2000）。这些具有定量特征的资料确保了油气有机成因说的科学性。本文并不涉及油气成因2种基本学说的争论，而是以东西伯利亚（西伯利亚地台的涅普斯克-鲍图奥宾台背斜及其周围不同年代的大陆裂谷）为例，分析油气无机成因的标志并关注改变该地区油气资源勘探战略的合理性。     

超临界流体中的传热：传热机理分类

因为较小的温度变化就能引起物理性质的明显改变，没有现存的工程关系式和模型能精确地预测超临界流体中的传热。本文力求将现存关系式适用的工况进行分类并更好地理解这些局部传热机理。第一个目标是本文关注的焦点。FLUENT被用来计算各种热流密度和质量流速工况下的壁面温度，其结果用来与实验数据相比较。因为模型是为宽范围流动工况而设计的，所以，应进行某些假设。模拟表明，在高质量流速工况下吻合较好，这时浮力效应可以被忽略。但是，FLUENT在预测高热流密度和低质量流速混合工况中见到的局部低传热速率时遇到困难。一个新的依赖于热流密度和质量流速通用参数被发展来区分在何种工况下这个FLUENT标准模型是适用的，这个全局Fmude数能被用作预测在何种工况下浮力效应占主导地位和更低的传热速率会发生的参数。     

磨粒磨损对电动潜油泵的影响

电动潜油泵是一种高速运转装置,它在油井内的工作寿命取决于在生产液中磨粒的类型和数量。本文陈述了在特殊磨料试验回路中进行的一系列试验。在实验中磨粒的尺寸和数量随着通过电潜泵液流的流速变化。本文还查阅了有关砂柱产生的最新文献和研究了在砂粒尺寸测量方面的某些实际问题。     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TTTANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs （OM）. The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm/s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm^-2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2 and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80μm, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

极致之地——冰岛的照明设计新趋势-蓝礁湖温泉

冰岛绝非寻常之地，这座大西洋上邻近北极固的小岛仿佛集世上所有极致之美于一身一水与火在此交融，随处可见，更为引人入胜的是，这里拥有地球上最神奇的自然光照环境：极昼、极夜和极光。冰岛的照明设计师古让·L．斯格森（GuδjonL．Sigurosson）为我们描述了关于冰岛的各种天然光效以及那里最新的照明设计趋势，美丽的蓝礁湖温泉中心就是最好的例子。[编者按]