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131.
Christian Feddern Joachim Weickert Bernhard Burgeth Martin Welk 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2006,69(1):93-107
Matrix-valued data sets arise in a number of applications including diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) and
physical measurements of anisotropic behaviour. Consequently, there arises the need to filter and segment such tensor fields.
In order to detect edge-like structures in tensor fields, we first generalise Di Zenzo’s concept of a structure tensor for
vector-valued images to tensor-valued data. This structure tensor allows us to extend scalar-valued mean curvature motion
and self-snakes to the tensor setting. We present both two-dimensional and three-dimensional formulations, and we prove that
these filters maintain positive semidefiniteness if the initial matrix data are positive semidefinite. We give an interpretation
of tensorial mean curvature motion as a process for which the corresponding curve evolution of each generalised level line
is the gradient descent of its total length. Moreover, we propose a geodesic active contour model for segmenting tensor fields
and interpret it as a minimiser of a suitable energy functional with a metric induced by the tensor image. Since tensorial
active contours incorporate information from all channels, they give a contour representation that is highly robust under
noise. Experiments on three-dimensional DT-MRI data and an indefinite tensor field from fluid dynamics show that the proposed
methods inherit the essential properties of their scalar-valued counterparts. 相似文献
132.
Jürgen Mäurer Herman Requardt Bernhard Sander Friedrich D. Knollmann Arne-jörn Lemke Thomas J. Vogl Roland Felix 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1996,4(1):27-33
To investigate the application of a mini-coil surface system for high-resolution MRI, 60 volunteers were examined in a 1.5-T whole-body scanner. Two replaceable probe heads were available: a circular 2.5-cm coil and a quadratic 5-cm coil, both of which were placed directly on the skin. The skin layers, Achilles tendon and finger joints were examined with the 2.5-cm coil and a FOV of 25 × 25 mm2. A matrix of 256 × 256 pixels resulted in a pixel size of 0.098 × 0.098 mm2. For imaging of the carpal tunnel, the 5-cm coil was used in transverse orientation. The FOV was 50 × 50 mm2 so that a matrix of 256 × 256 pixels led to a pixel size of 0.195 × 0.195 mm2. The resulting spatial resolution permitted visualization of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis, resulting in clear definition of anatomical detail of the musculoskeletal system. MRI measurement of skin-layer thickness did not correlate with histometric data (p<0.05). This discrepancy was due in part to shrinkage of the tumor specimen on histologic preparation. Other causes include the motion artifacts and the limited accuracy of determining thickness on the MRI display unit. 相似文献
133.
134.
135.
Bernhard Reiser 《Journal of Materials Science》1981,16(6):1607-1610
The amount,q, of a solvent taken up by a sample of an insoluble polymer during a time,t, can be represented accurately by the relationq=t/(at + b), which has a very simple linear equivalent: (t/q)=at+b, wherea andb are constants. The same behaviour is also shown by the exchange of ions in an ion-exchange resin and in the case of a swell process,
whereq may be measured as a volume increase. The kinetic relationq=k(Q−q)
2, where Q=a−1 andk=Q
−2b−1, is compared with Fick's first law of diffusion and the dependence of the diffusion coefficient and the concentration gradient
onq is discussed. 相似文献
136.
137.
Ralf?Buscherm?hleEmail author Mark?Br?rkens Ingo?Brückner Werner?Damm Wilhelm?Hasselbring Bernhard?Josko Christoph?Schulte Thomas?Wolf 《Informatik-Spektrum》2004,27(2):146-158
Die Gewährleistung der korrekten
Funktionsweise von Hard- und Software ist ein entscheidender
Faktor bei der heutigen Systementwicklung. Dies trifft ganz
besonders auf das Gebiet der sog. sicherheitskritischen
Systeme zu, bei dem ein Systemversagen Menschenleben gefährden
kann. 相似文献
138.
This work addresses the problem of improving the generalization capabilities of continuous recurrent neural networks. The learning task is transformed into an optimal control framework in which the weights and the initial network state are treated as unknown controls. A new learning algorithm based on a variational formulation of Pontrayagin's maximum principle is proposed. Under reasonable assumptions, its convergence is discussed. Numerical examples are given that demonstrate an essential improvement of generalization capabilities after the learning process of a dynamic network. 相似文献
139.
Automobile catalyst emissions have resulted in the occurrence of elevated Pt, Pd, and Rh concentration in the urban and roadside environment. We investigate the chronology of platinum group elements (PGE) accumulation in dated sediments from an urban lake near Boston, MA. Chronological profiles demonstrate that Pt, Pd, and Rh concentrations increased following the introduction in catalysts with accumulation rates 6-16 times larger in 1992-2002 than prior to the introduction of catalysts. Ratios of these elements closely match their ratios in catalysts, providing further evidence of an automobile source. Iridium and Ru accumulation in sediments also increased following the introduction of catalysts, and while past Os contamination is associated with leather tanning, recent changes in the isotopic composition of Os indicate another anthropogenic source for this element. The PGE have similar geochemical properties and are difficult to separate from one another, and therefore, we suggest that automobile catalyst emissions also result in increasing environmental concentrations of Ir, Ru, and Os, which occur as impurities in catalysts. An automobile catalyst source of Ir and Os is supported by elevated concentrations of these elements in a tunnel dust sample. 相似文献
140.
DGAT1 polymorphism in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle breeds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As a result of multiple QTL-mapping projects in recent years, a quantitative trait locus for milk fat percentage and milk yield has been described on BTA14. Recent reports name the acyl-CoA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene on BTA14 as a potential candidate gene, with a nonconservative substitution of lysine by alanine (K232A) producing a major effect on milk composition and yield. DGAT1K appears to be the ancestral allele and the K232A substitution probably occurred after the divergence of the Bos indicus and Bos taurus lineages. These findings prompted us to genotype 1748 DNA samples of 38 different Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds from 13 countries on five continents (Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America), to examine the occurrence of the DGAT1 polymorphism and characterize the K232A substitution in cattle breeds of different origins and selected for different purposes (e.g., beef, dairy and dual purpose). Calculating pairwise FST values for pooled subpopulations showed least divergence for Bos indicus breeds with high milk fat percentage. Fixation of DGAT1A was found in some Bos taurus breeds and fixation of DGAT1K in one Bos indicus breed. Breeds of no known organized breeding background from the Near East domestication centre of Bos taurus and taurine African N'Dama cattle were found to possess intermediate frequencies of DGAT1K. While beef breeds tended to harbour higher DGAT1A levels, dairy cattle showed everything from very low levels of DGAT1K to unexpectedly high frequencies of this allele. 相似文献