Random-effects regression analysis of correlated grouped-time survival data

Random-effects regression modelling is proposed for analysis of correlated grouped-time survival data. Two analysis approaches are considered. The first treats survival time as an ordinal outcome, which is either right-censored or not. The second approach treats survival time as a set of dichotomous indicators of whether the event occurred for time periods up to the period of the event or censor. For either approach both proportional hazards and proportional odds versions of the random-effects model are developed, while partial proportional hazards and odds generalizations are described for the latter approach. For estimation, a full-information maximum marginal likelihood solution is implemented using numerical quadrature to integrate over the distribution of multiple random effects. The quadrature solution allows some flexibility in the choice of distributions for the random effects; both normal and rectangular distributions are considered in this article. An analysis of a dataset where students are clustered within schools is used to illustrate features of random-effects analysis of clustered grouped-time survival data.     

低变质程度煤液化效果的同位素监测

通过在1升的带搅拌的高压釜中使煤的重量浓度从0依次增加到2~(7％)的一系列实验,研究了Vesta次烟煤对Athabasca抽提后沥青(切除了低于350℃馏份)共处理的效果。将Vesta煤与沥青(3.94‰)之间存在的~(13)C/~(12)C比例的差别用作天然同位素示踪,以监测煤和沥青进入每一种合成液体馏份中的比率。通过比较同位素测得的产品中来自煤的比率表明:煤进入到馏出物、甲苯可溶物、甲苯不溶物的比例随掺入的煤量的增加而逐渐增加。煤的重量百分比从15％增加到2~(6％),结果甲苯不溶物增加了三倍。相应地,沥青进入到合成液体中的碳的比例也随煤的浓度而变化。比较沥青加氢处理与共处理中同位素测得的产品量表明:煤的浓度从4％增加到8％,馏出物的量增加14—17％,而甲苯可溶物相应地减少32—49％。煤的浓度为15—26％时,共处理中单独由沥青提供的馏出物无明显增加,而沥青提供的甲苯不溶物的碳的比例从0.9％增加到5.0％。这些结果表明:由5—10％的煤组成的煤-沥青混合物共处理,能够促进沥青馏出物的生成。     

MDI异氰酸酯系列产品的现状和发展

MDI异氰酸酯的发展过程由于聚氨酯在工业中的地位日趋重要,化学品生产者以及配方设计和加工人员都纷纷致力于原料的研究,一个共同目标是要开发异氰酸酯的各种化学资源。业已对各种异氰酸酯进行了大量研究工作,诸如它们在特殊用途中的价格因素,加工方法以及综合性能等。     

高温使用性能获得改进的三元乙丙橡胶胶料

虽然三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)属于耐热性弹性体,但其耐热性还可通过选用一种特殊的聚合物结构以及适当的添加剂,如:氯磺化聚乙烯和三氧化二锑获得进一步改进。适当的防老剂也能提高三元乙丙胶硫化胶的耐高溫性能。     

碳纤维与复合材料的回顾(第一部分)

在论文将分为两部分,目的是要回顾碳纤维及其原丝的生产技术、纤维结构及其主要性能(第一部分).并总结目前树脂基或水泥基碳纤维复合材料的现状(第二部分)。     

杀螟硫磷原药和制剂气相色谱测定法的协作研究

世界卫生组织(WHO)于1973年首次把杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)编入农药规格手册。有效成份的分析采用滴定法,该法基于杀螟硫磷在酸性溶液中被锌还原,然后用亚硝酸钠滴定还原产物胺。方法包括原药及其可湿性粉剂的测定。这一方法并不是专一的而且费时。在WHO杀虫剂化学与规格专家委员会1977年会议上,J.W.Miles和D.L.Mount     

含有较多烯丙基氯的聚氯乙烯的降解与阳离子改性

通过控制脱氯化氢以制备出含有较高烯丙基氯的无色聚氯乙烯—PVC(A)。同原来的树脂相比,PVC(A)的热稳定性和光氧化稳定性有所下降。PVC(A)初始脱氯化氢速度与烯丙基氯含量成直线关系。用MezCpAl处理PVC(A)生成戊二烯化的聚氯乙烯(PVC—CP)而引起凝胶,并且用马来酸酐可破坏凝胶。PVC(A)/BCl_3/异丁基烯体系使异丁基烯充分接枝,产生带有叔基氯端基的聚异丁烯支链。后者经Me_2CpAl处理再次成二烯化,产生可被马来酸酐溶解的交联网。     

以赛车为名——2014泛珠三角超级赛车节春季赛报道

正这里,是中国场地赛车的发源地;这里,有着国内氛围最火爆的超级赛车节——泛珠三角超级赛车节;这里,是珠海。而今年,是泛珠三角超级赛车节诞生的第十个年头。这九年中,泛珠伴随着中国汽车文化、汽车运动的发展而成长,其商业价值与文化氛围在成长的过程中逐渐开始凸显,期间也获得了许多的荣誉。在刚刚结束的2014泛珠春季赛里,我们看到了泛珠改变的地方,也看到了泛珠的不变之处。     

Influence of maize kernel hardness on flour hydration and cooking properties

Knowledge of the association between cooking properties and endosperm hardness may help nutritionist and processors to select raw materials for preparing maize based food products, particularly those eaten as cooked dispersions. Seven commercial maize cultivars differing in hardness were selected to evaluate endosperm hardness on the kernels and some characteristics such as composition and hydration and cooking properties on the grits obtained from those maizes. Results show that the differences in endosperm hardness (directly related to grits protein content) can explain the differences in swelling and amylographic consistencies values. Cultivars with the hardest endosperm show the lowest values at high temperature. They also show the lowest amylographic consistencies. On the other hand softer endosperms present the highest swelling power and the highest amylographic consistencies. These differences are attributed to the restriction for starch swelling caused by the protein matrix. Endosperm hardness measurements and swelling power at 95 degrees C, can be useful to select cultivars that are going to be used to prepare maize based foods like atoles, polenta, etc.     

Assessment of response function in two PET scanners with and without interplane septa

The authors have assessed the response function both experimentally and theoretically for two commercial tomographs: CTI 931/08-12 and CTI 953B with and without interplane septa. Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken using the GEANT package from CERN. Spatial resolution (tomographic and axial) was calculated for line sources at various positions in the field of view. Sensitivity and scatter fraction (SF) were calculated for various source geometries as a function of energy discrimination. A very realistic response function in positron emission tomography (PET) is obtained by Monte Carlo methods, using global parameters to account for unsimulated phenomena such as scintillation light transport inside a detector block and its sharing among the various phototubes. Minor discrepancies remain for sensitivity and SF at high energy thresholds and may probably be explained by introducing the observed dispersion in the energy response for the various crystals within a detector block.