透明聚丙烯成核剂的种类及其应用

介绍了无机类透明成核剂、有机类透明成核剂（芳基磷酸盐、山梨醇类、羧酸金属盐、脱氢枞酸及其盐类、支化酰胺类化合物）和聚合物型透明成核剂的主要品种、特点、在聚丙烯中的成核机理及其对聚丙烯性能的影响。     

Ultrafast-laser-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes with enhanced conductivity and transparency for semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an important organic electrode for solution-processed low-cost electronic devices. However, it requires doping and post-solvent treatment to improve its conductivity, and the chemicals used for such treatments may affect the device fabrication process. In this study, we developed a novel route for exploiting ultrafast lasers (femtosecond and picosecond laser) to simultaneously enhance the conductivity and transparency of PEDOT:PSS films and fabricate patterned solution-processed electrodes for electronic devices. The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film was improved by three orders of magnitude (from 3.1 to 1024 S·cm^–1), and high transparency of up to 88.5% (average visible transmittance, AVT) was achieved. Raman and depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxidation level of PEDOT was enhanced, thereby increasing the carrier concentration. The surface PSS content also decreased, which is beneficial to the carrier mobility, resulting in significantly enhanced electrical conductivity. Further, we fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cells using the as-made PEDOT:PSS as the transparent top electrodes, and a power conversion efficiency of 7.39% was achieved with 22.63% AVT. Thus, the proposed route for synthesizing conductive and transparent electrodes is promising for vacuum and doping-free electronics.     

多级生物膜反应器分段进水方式对脱氮效能影响研究

提出多级生物膜反应器,考察了分段进水方式对反应器处理城镇污水生物脱氮效能的影响.结果表明,分段进水点的数量、流量分配及容积分配对反应器脱氮效能的影响显著,分段进水方式有效地提高了碳源利用率以及反应器脱氮效能.在水温为25℃左右,溶解氧为5mg·L~(-1),挂膜密度为30%,COD负荷为1.2 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),总氮负荷为0.22 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)的条件下,反应器分段进水方式采用第1级、第3级、第6级分段进水,容积分配比为2:3:4,流量分配比为2:2:1时,可使出水COD为38 mg·L~(-1),出水NH_4~+-N和TN的质量浓度分别为1.5 mg·L~(-1)和11.1 mg·L~(-1),去除率分别为80.8%,95.3%和69.2%,与单点进水方式相比TN去除率提高了8.4%.     

中药贴片用ESIS热熔压敏胶的制备与性能研究

以ESIS(环氧化苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)为基体树脂、环氧大豆油为增塑剂和高度氢化松香为增黏树脂,制备出一种ESIS型HMPSA(热熔压敏胶)。以ESIS、增塑剂和增黏树脂用量作为试验因素,HMPSA的初粘力、剥离强度和持粘力作为考核指标,采用正交试验和载药量试验法优选出制备中药贴片用ESIS型HMPSA的最佳配方。结果表明:当m(ESIS)∶m(环氧大豆油)∶m(高度氢化松香)∶m(抗氧剂1010)=100∶80∶100∶1.4时,ESIS型HMPSA的综合性能满足中药贴片的使用要求,并且其最大载药量(34%)和水蒸气透过率[1.297 g/(m2.d)]均高于同类产品(医用SIS型压敏胶和传统天然橡胶膏)。     

智慧规划总体框架及建设探索

近年来,与"智慧"相关的新理论、新方法和新技术蓬勃发展,城市规划作为一项公共政策,也需要通过"智慧"的方法和手段寻求更为广阔的研究和服务空间。研究将城市规划的发展历程划分为标准化、动态化和智慧化三个发展阶段,指出智慧规划是城市规划未来的主要发展方向。智慧规划充分借助物联网、云计算和P S S等新技术,创新规划管理理念与方法,通过多知识融合和挖掘,力求实现更透彻的信息感控、更全面的互联互通及更深入的智能决策。     

外燃机热电联产与地下工程能源系统的优化配置

根据在我国地下工程中惟独选用柴油发电机作为备用电源的现状和由此产生的主要问题，指出采用外燃机热电联产技术不仅可以有效地提高现有工程的伪装性能、能源利用效率，而且通过与空调除湿系统的有机结合还可以解决工程对采暖、除湿和制冷的综合需求。最后，对外燃机热电联产技术在地下工程中的应用可行性和系统配置方案进行了探讨。     

Emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion of different residential coals in North China

Emission properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from combustion of six residential coals in North China were investigated. The results indicated that, the total emission factors (EFs) for 15 PAH species in gaseous and particulate phases ranged from 52.8 to 1434.8 mg/kg with a decreasing sequence of local bituminous coals and anthracite coals, and honeycomb briquettes were largely dependent on the raw coals used to produce them. Particulate phase, dominated by median or high molecular weight components, made a major contribution (68.8% - 76.5%) to the total EFs for bituminous coals, while gaseous phase with principal low molecular weight species accounted for most (86.3% - 97.9%) of the total EFs for anthracite coals. The phase partitioning of PAH emission for honeycomb briquettes was similarly dependent on the crude coals. The total EFs, phase partitioning and component profiles of emitted PAHs were mainly influenced by the inner components of the studied coals. Burning mode and flue number on household coal-stoves also affected the emission characteristics by means of the oxygen supply. A sum of seven carcinogenic PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)-equivalent carcinogenic power and total toxicity potency expressed in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin(TCDD) toxic equivalence exhibited that bituminous coals and produced honeycomb briquettes had remarkably elevated values. Fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene from anthracite coals showed higher levels of BaP-based toxic equivalent factor, though the other toxicity indices were rather low for this type of coal.     

悬臂梁基板对压电纤维复合物驱动性能的影响

压电纤维复合物在驱动、传感、结构健康检测等领域具有广泛应用,研究压电纤维复合物的驱动性能对于压电纤维复合物实际应用具有重要意义。通过实验研究不同驱动电压条件(峰值、频率及偏置)对压电纤维复合物悬臂梁结构顶端位移的影响,探讨悬臂梁基板材料与压电纤维复合物驱动性能的关系,基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论利用悬臂梁顶端位移计算压电纤维复合物的驱动力。结果表明:压电纤维复合物的驱动性能具有明显的迟滞性。悬臂梁顶端位移的大小与驱动电压峰的峰值呈线性关系,且其不仅与驱动电压的峰值有关,还与驱动电压的偏置、频率有关。压电纤维复合物的驱动性能随基板不同而不同,其对刚性铝板的驱动力为5.2 m N,对柔性麦拉膜的驱动力为0.2 m N。     

面向并行工程的多域特征映射方法学研究

讨论了特征的概念性和操作性定义及特征分类,分析了多域特性映射机理,给出了不同应用领域对产品信息需求的多域特征映射框架模型和实现过程。     

熔融石英陶瓷材料的晶化抑制研究

以粒径〈0．16mm的熔融石英颗粒为原料，以硼酸、碳化硅、氮化硅、水玻璃为晶化抑制剂，以聚乙烯醇（浓度1％）为结合剂，试样成型压强为20MPa，试样经1200℃保温2h烧成，对烧后试样进行1500℃保温1h的强化脱玻处理、RT～1300℃的差热分析以及RT～1300℃的热膨胀测定。试验发现：引入碳化硅或水玻璃对熔融石英的析晶抑制作用不明显，而引入5％的硼酸或引入3％的氮化硅可有效抑制熔融石英的析晶。