Nanosize cobalt oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Nanosize cobalt oxides (Co₃O₄) were synthesised by chemical decomposition of cobalt octacarbonyl in toluene at low temperature. Electrochemical properties of as-prepared Co₃O₄ as anodes in Li-ion cells were tested. The nanosized Co₃O₄ electrode demonstrate a stable reversible lithium storage capacity of 360 mAh/g within 30 cycles. The reactivity of as-prepared Co₃O₄ in Li-ion cells could be attributed to nanosize particles of Co₃O₄ and its lithiation products.     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面特性研究

使用 TRACKR全自动液滴界面张力仪测量了不同试验条件下十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面扩大、缩小时的流变特征及界面张力 ,开发出了用以表征液膜强度的界面黏弹性 E的测量方法。在十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺界面形成稳定的过程中界面 (扩张 )黏弹模量不断增加 ,并逐渐达到恒定 ,其中弹性成分所占比例远大于黏性成分即 E′>E″。考察的聚合物浓度范围为 5 0～ 2 0 0 0 mg/ L ,界面黏弹模量从 1 7.6提高到 3 0 .6m N·m-1。放置 3 d后的聚合物溶液界面黏弹模量保留率为 82 .8%。实验结果表明聚合物浓度变化对界面张力影响不显著。     

中药贴片用ESIS热熔压敏胶的制备与性能研究

以ESIS(环氧化苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)为基体树脂、环氧大豆油为增塑剂和高度氢化松香为增黏树脂,制备出一种ESIS型HMPSA(热熔压敏胶)。以ESIS、增塑剂和增黏树脂用量作为试验因素,HMPSA的初粘力、剥离强度和持粘力作为考核指标,采用正交试验和载药量试验法优选出制备中药贴片用ESIS型HMPSA的最佳配方。结果表明:当m(ESIS)∶m(环氧大豆油)∶m(高度氢化松香)∶m(抗氧剂1010)=100∶80∶100∶1.4时,ESIS型HMPSA的综合性能满足中药贴片的使用要求,并且其最大载药量(34%)和水蒸气透过率[1.297 g/(m2.d)]均高于同类产品(医用SIS型压敏胶和传统天然橡胶膏)。     

我国古代建筑琉璃构件胎体化学组成及工艺研究

本文利用波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪对北京、江苏、辽宁、湖北、安徽等13个省市398个古代建筑琉璃构件胎体的化学组成进行测试,将测试数据进行因子分析和胎式组成分析,得到我国不同地区琉璃构件胎体化学组成特征及分类结果,并对胎体原料进行分析研究。研究表明:我国南方琉璃构件胎体元素组成大多高硅低铝,使用高硅质粘土或瓷石原料;北方胎体大多高铝低硅,使用高铝质粘土原料,这种胎体特点与我国南北方古代陶瓷胎体的元素组成特征相一致。此外,本文还对我国南北方琉璃构件胎体原料、工艺与性能进行对比研究。     

复合分散体系苯乙烯悬浮聚合的研究

以磷酸三钙(TCP)/羟乙基纤维素(HEC)为复合分散体系、过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂、水为介质进行苯乙烯(St)的悬浮聚合,考察了复合分散剂的用量与配比、引发剂种类与用量及聚合温度、搅拌速率、水油比、杂质等因素对悬浮聚合的影响,并表征了聚合物相对分子质量及其分布.结果表明:复合分散剂总量占St单体质量的0.24...     

β晶型聚丙烯的结构与性能

采用NT-A和NT-D成核剂制备了β晶型聚丙烯(β-PP),研究其熔融及结晶特性、结晶形态和力学性能.结果发现,NT-A和NT-D成核剂均使聚丙烯(PP)球晶细化,提高PP的拉伸强度、拉伸断裂应变和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度,但NT-D的β成核效果更好,其改性PP的β晶型质量分数可达80%～90%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度是纯PP的3倍多.注射成型PP样条具有明显的皮芯层结构,纯PP样条的皮层和芯层仅含有α晶型.且结晶度差异不大;β-PP样条的皮层仅有α晶型,而芯层除α晶型外还有β晶型.     

Fabrication and electrochemical capacitance of hierarchical graphene/polyaniline/carbon nanotube ternary composite film

A film composed of graphene (GN) sheets, polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been fabricated by reducing a graphite oxide (GO)/PANI/CNT precursor prepared by flow-directed assembly from a complex dispersion of GO and PANI/CNT, followed by reoxidation and redoping of the reduced PANI in the composite to restore the conducting PANI structure. Scanning electron microscope images indicate that the ternary composite film is a layered structure with coaxial PANI/CNT nanocables uniformly sandwiched between the GN sheets. Such novel hierarchical structure with high electrical conductivity perfectly facilitates contact between electrolyte ions and PANI for faradaic energy storage and efficiently utilizes the double-layer capacitance at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The specific capacitance of the GN/PANI/CNT estimated by galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement is 569 F g⁻¹ (or 188 F cm⁻³ for volumetric capacitance) at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹. In addition, the GN/PANI/CNT exhibits good rate capability (60% capacity retention at 10 A g⁻¹) and superior cycling stability (4% fade after 5000 continuous charge/discharge cycles).     

Subcritical crack growth behavior of a perovskite‐structured Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ oxygen transport membrane

This paper herein studies subcritical crack growth (SCG) behavior of a perovskite‐structured Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3?δ (BSCF) as an oxygen transport membrane material. The SCG behavior of BSCF is evaluated by a constant load method and constant stress rate method at room temperature (RT) and 800°C in air, respectively. The low crack velocity measurements are carried out by ring‐on‐ring bending tests while the high crack velocity measurements by compact tension tests. The stress rates vary approximately from 0.1012 to 101.2 MPa/min. The fracture stress increases with increasing stress rate at 800°C. The SCG parameter, n, of BSCF is determined to be 24.32 and 13.83 at RT and 800°C in air, respectively. This indicates that BSCF is more susceptible to SCG at 800°C. The strength‐probability‐time (SPT) diagram is constructed for design proposes. The stress for a lifetime of 40 years should not exceed 27.21 MPa at RT or 4.53 MPa at 800°C to assure a failure probability below 1%.     

Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO2/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption

An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO_2/microwave.The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microcopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm~3·g~(-1) to 0.270 cm~3·g~(-1),and a hierarchical pore structure was formed.A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon(GAC).The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC.Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons.The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%,which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application.The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene,thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.     

钢管混凝土压弯构件荷载—挠度曲线的全过程分析

本文主要采用筒支梁式加载方案，研究钢管混凝土压弯构件荷载－挠度关系曲线，试验的主要参数是轴压比、剪跨比和含钢率。最后通过理论计算和对试验数据进行回归分析得到极限承载力、极限位移的计算公式和荷载－挠度关系曲线。