基于稀疏重构的全极化SAR联合多维重建

各极化通道独立处理和三维分步成像会忽视数据之间的关联性,造成散射中心的失配以及极化散射矩阵获取的不准确。鉴于此,该文提出一种基于稀疏重构的全极化联合多维重建方法。该方法通过设置联合稀疏约束对所有极化通道及所有维度进行联合,将全极化多维重建建模为多通道联合稀疏重构问题。通过数据插值对模型简化后,结合三维快速傅里叶变换、共轭梯度法和牛顿迭代法给出一种高效的模型求解方法,可以同时得到极化散射矩阵和目标三维信息。该文方法保证了不同极化通道、不同维度的稀疏支撑集一致,且充分利用了数据之间的关联性带来的额外信息。基于仿真数据和电磁计算数据的实验结果表明,该方法的性能不受目标类型影响,具有一定的抗噪性,能有效地获取目标的多维重建结果,得到的三维成像结果分辨率高且极化散射矩阵估计精度高。      

Room-temperature optically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dots microdisk lasers on SiO2/Si chip

We report on room temperature continuous-wave optically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot whispering gallery mode microdisk lasers,heterogeneously integrated on silica/silicon chips.The microdisks are fabricated by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching.The lasing wavelength is approximately 1200 nm and the obtained lowest laser threshold is approximately 28μW.The experimental results show an approach of possible integrated Ⅲ-Ⅴ optical active materials on silica/silicon chip for low threshold WGM microdisk lasers.     

入射光椭圆度对晶体微粒旋转角速度的影响

光致旋转技术在微机械和微生物等领域的应用越来越广泛。利用光束自旋角动量可以导致晶体微粒光致旋转的机理,从理论上分析了入射光椭圆度对晶体微粒旋转角速度的影响。通过MATLAB对不同激光功率下,光束的椭圆度与晶体微粒旋转角速度的关系进行数值模拟。结果表明:在实际对晶体微粒光致旋转操作中,晶体微粒能否旋转起来取决于光束椭圆度与微粒厚度之间的关系;在同一激光功率下,光束椭圆度与晶体微粒旋转角速度呈正旋曲线变化。因此,通过调节光束的椭圆度和较高的激光功率可以提高晶体微粒的旋转角速度。该结论对光驱动微机械马达的优化设计有一定的指导意义。     

Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

Energy storage and conversion technologies are vital to the efficient utilization of sustainable renewable energy sources. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and the emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as two of the most promising energy storage devices, and electrocatalysis processes play critical roles in energy conversion techniques that achieve mutual transformation between renewable electricity and chemical energies. It has been demonstrated that nanostructured metal chalcogenides including metal sulfides and metal selenides show great potential for efficient energy storage and conversion due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this feature article, the recent research progress on nanostructured metal sulfides and metal selenides for application in SIBs/LIBs and hydrogen/oxygen electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction) is summarized and discussed. The corresponding electrochemical mechanisms, critical issues, and effective strategies towards performance improvement are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives for the future development of metal chalcogenides in the energy research field are proposed.     

Magnesium Ion Doping and Micro-Structural Engineering Assist NH4V4O10 as a High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery Cathode

Layered ammonium vanadate materials exhibit significant mass-specific capacity and ion transport rate due to their small molecular weight and large ionic radius. However, the strong electrostatic interactions of Zn²⁺ and V–O bonds and the fragile ionic bonding of N-H^…O bonds hinder their development. Therefore, this work reports Mg²⁺ doping NH₄V₄O₁₀ materials accompanied by flower-like morphology to lower the migration energy barrier and inhibit amine dissolution. Owing to the 3D-flower-like morphology and the combined impact of Mg²⁺ and structural water, the binding of Zn^2+…V-O is significantly enhanced and additional ion channels were constructed. Pre-intercalated Mg²⁺ enhances the structural integrity and prevents irreversible deammoniation from obtaining excellent cyclic stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that MNVO provides a smoother Zn²⁺ diffusion path with a lower migration barrier. Benefited from these advantages, the MNVO cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 410 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, satisfactory cyclic stability (90.2 % capacity retention at 10 A g⁻¹ after 5000 cycles), and capable rate ability (118 mAh g⁻¹ at 25 A g⁻¹) within 0.4-1.5 V. Furthermore, the zinc ion storage mechanism in the MNVO cathode is investigated through multiple analyses.     

Generation of mm- and Sub mm-wave Bessel Beams Using DOE’s Designed by BOR-FDTD Method and MGA

A new way for generating Bessel beams at mm and sub mm-wavelengths is presented in this paper, in which diffractive optical elements (DOE’s) are designed for converting incident Gaussian beams into Bessel beams. In order to reduce the computational burden and therefore improve the design efficiency, two measures are adopted in our design. One is a body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method that uses a two-dimensional (2-D) solution space instead of a full 3-D space and thereby saves tremendous computational resources, and that is utilized to calculate the fields diffracted by the DOE’s. The other is a microgenetic algorithm (MGA) that has been proved to be more effective than the conventional GA, and that is employed for accelerative optimization. The utility of the present design tool, which combines a MGA with a BOR-FDTD method, is demonstrated by three examples. Numerical simulation results indicate that the designed DOE’s can not only flexibly generate zero- or higher- order Bessel beams when compared with axicons, but also have higher diffraction efficiencies when compared with amplitude holograms. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Ribbon Assembled Core–Sheath MnO@Graphene Scrolls as Hierarchically Ordered 3D Porous Electrodes for Fast and Durable Lithium Storage

Graphene scroll is an emerging 1D tubular form of graphitic carbon that has potential applications in electrochemical energy storage. However, it still remains a challenge to composite graphene scrolls with other nanomaterials for building advanced electrode configuration with fast and durable lithium storage properties. Here, a transition‐metal‐oxide‐based hierarchically ordered 3D porous electrode is designed based on assembling 1D core–sheath MnO@N‐doped graphene scrolls with 2D N‐doped graphene ribbons. In the resulting architecture, porous MnO nanowires confined in tubular graphene scrolls are mechanically isolated but electronically well‐connected, while the interwoven graphene ribbons offer continuous conductive paths for electron transfer in all directions. Moreover, the elastic graphene scrolls together with enough internal voids are able to accommodate the volume expansion of the enclosed MnO. Because of these merits, the as‐built electrode manifests ultrahigh rate capability (349 mAh g^?1 at 8.0 A g^?1; 205 mAh g^?1 at 15.0 A g^?1) and robust cycling stability (812 mAh g^?1 remaining after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g^?1) and is the most efficient MnO‐based anode ever reported for lithium‐ion batteries. This unique multidimensional and hierarchically ordered structure design is believed to hold great potential in generalizable synthesis of graphene scrolls composited with oxide nanowires for mutifuctional energy storage.     

XDSL信号测试专用虚拟频谱仪的设计

功率谱密度是通信信号非常重要的参数，所以在通信的各个阶段都需要对功率谱密度进行测量。在接入网产品的开发中，有多个产品要同时进行开发，因此需要多台频谱分析仪。然而，频谱分析仪属于贵重仪器，配备多台频谱分析仪将导致开发成本增加。虚拟仪器的出现解决了这一问题。这里给出了XDSL接入产品测试专用的虚拟频谱分析仪设计的方法，实践表明，它具有功能齐全价格低廉的优势，作为传统频谱分析仪的替代，虚拟频谱分析仪能够极大的降低仪器的投资。     

一种新颖的晶闸管串联均压的检验方法

为了改善由串联不均压引起的晶闸管失效问题,从晶闸管的选配和测试原理出发,详细分析了通态电流和器件温度等因素对串联选配的影响.提出了一种新颖的晶闸管串联均压的检验方法,并搭建了一个可以在一个周期中实现双电流测试,且温度可控的实验平台.该平台还具有人机互动功能,可以快速实现数据的采集和分析,方便了测试人员的操作,并大大提高了工作效率.经过现场满功率和未开满功率运行测试,均压系数与实验平台测试结果相似,验证了该方法的可靠性.该检验方法已应用于晶闸管中频电源选配中.     

BOARD-LEVEL BUILT-IN SELF-REPAIR METHOD OF RAM

This paper describes the method of built-in self-repairing of RAM on board,designs hardware circuit,and logic for the RAM's faults self-repairing system based on FPGA.The key technology is that it util...