进水温度对膜蒸馏处理焦化废水效能的影响

采用直接接触式膜蒸馏处理焦化废水,通过监测出水电导率、 DOC、色度、 UV254并利用三维荧光光谱对出水水质进行分析,探究了焦化废水的进水温度对膜蒸馏处理效果的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高膜通量明显升高,当进水温度为40、 50和60℃时,初始膜通量分别为8.7、 14.6和21.7 kg/(m2·h)。随着温度的升高,焦化废水中污染物的扩散程度也随之加剧, 60℃时出水中有机物浓度比40、 50℃提高了约40%。膜蒸馏能有效截留焦化废水中的类腐殖酸和类富里酸等大分子污染物,而芳香烃及杂环类有机物是影响膜蒸馏产水水质的主要因素,随着温度升高,苯酚等易挥发的小分子有机物扩散也明显加快。此外,不同进水温度下膜污染形成的规律不同, 40℃时以无机污染为主, 50℃时以有机污染为主, 60℃时以有机和无机复合污染为主,这可能与温度升高后有机物扩散速率加快有关。综合比较,采用膜蒸馏处理焦化废水时进水温度拟选择50℃为宜。     

水热法制备纳米尖晶石型NiFe_2O_4及表征

分别采用水热法、共沉淀法合成了纳米尖晶石型铁氧体—NiFe2O4晶体,对两种方法所合成的样品进行了比较,分析了不同合成方法的优缺点,确定水热法为比较适宜的合成该类复合氧化物的方法,该法合成的NiFe2O4晶体的平均粒径仅为15.9nm,且粒度分布十分均匀。此外,通过对实验结果的测定与分析探讨了影响水热制备的几种可能的因素,确定了水热合成的适宜的沉淀剂为NaOH溶液,水热合成适宜的温度为200℃。     

微孔固体酸催化剂H-ZSM-5沸石催化合成二丙烯酸乙二醇酯

采用微孔固体酸催化剂H—ZSM—5沸石催化丙烯酸和乙二醇反应合成二丙烯酸乙二醇酯，催化活性高于硫酸，酯化反应2．5h，乙二醇的转化率可达62．0％，选择性为98．2％。催化剂H—ZSM—5重复三次使用依然保持很高的催化活性。     

A new combined computational and NMR-spectroscopical strategy for the identification of additional conformational constraints of the bound ligand in an aprotic solvent

This study documents the feasibility of switching to an aprotic medium in sugar receptor research. The solvent change offers additional insights into mechanistic details of receptor--carbohydrate ligand interactions. If a receptor retained binding capacity in an aprotic medium, solvent-exchangeable protons of the ligand would not undergo transfer and could act as additional sensors, thus improving the level of reliability in conformational analysis. To probe this possibility, we first focused on hevein, the smallest lectin found in nature. The NMR-spectroscopic measurements verified complexation, albeit with progressively reduced affinity by more than 1.5 orders of magnitude, in mixtures of up to 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Since hevein lacks the compact beta-strand arrangement of other sugar receptors, such a structural motif may confer enhanced resistance to solvent exchange. Two settings of solid-phase activity assays proved this assumption for three types of alpha- and/or beta-galactoside-binding proteins, that is, a human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subfraction, the mistletoe lectin, and a member of the galectin family of animal lectins. Computer-assisted calculations and NMR experiments also revealed no conspicuous impact of the solvent on the conformational properties of the tested ligands. To define all possible nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) contacts in a certain conformation and to predict involvement of exchangeable protons, we established a new screening protocol applicable during a given molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory and calculated population densities of distinct contacts. Experimentally, transferred NOE (tr-NOE) experiments with IgG molecules and the disaccharide Gal'alpha1-3Galbeta1-R in DMSO as solvent disclosed that such an additional crosspeak, that is, Gal'OH2--GalOH4, was even detectable for the bound ligand under conditions in which spin diffusion effects are suppressed. Further measurements with the plant lectin and galectins confirmed line broadening of ligand signals and gave access to characteristic crosspeaks in the aprotic solvent and its mixtures with water. Our combined biochemical, computational, and NMR-spectroscopical strategy is expected to contribute notably to the precise elucidation of the geometry of ligands bound to compactly folded sugar receptors and of the role of water molecules in protein--ligand (carbohydrate) recognition, with relevance to areas beyond the glycosciences.     

天然沸石处理氨氮废水中试工艺条件研究

本文介绍了利用天然沸石处理氨氮污水的中试工艺研究情况,并对沸石交换与再生的有关工艺参数进行了讨论,其结论是:当控制处理设备出水NH_1—N小于15mg/L时,即使在废水中CNa~+为95ppm左右,CCa~(2+)为110ppm左右的情况下,其沸石工作交换容量仍能稳定在4me(?)/100g.Z以上,NH_1—N去除率大于98%,中试工艺路线稳定可行。     

沪191株麻疹疫苗初免后4年的血清流行病学效果观察

作者自1991年开始，对503名≥6月龄儿童初免沪191株麻疹疫苗的血清流行病学效果进行了年观察，儿童被随机分为三级，分别于上臂三角肌皮下接种0．23、0．31和0．5ml麻苗，并于初免前和初免后间隔不同时间采集滤纸全血，用EIA法检测麻疹IgG，≥1∶200为阳性，≥1∶800为保护滴度     

加氢还原制备2-氨基对乙酰氨基苯甲醚

一、前言催化加氢技术在石油化工、食品工业等领域都已得到了广泛应用,在有机化工部门,几乎用同样的设备和方法实现硝基的还原。但在染料行业,可能是由于批量小、间断性操作的习惯及高压设备等原因,未见有工业化规模的应用。由于加氢还原与其他渚如铁屑法还原、硫化碱法等还原相比,产品质量能得到提高,而物质消耗降低,经济效益显著,同时大大减少三废排放而有利于环境保护。为获取工业规模的试验数据,我们进行了本项目试验,以促进加氢还原技术尽早在染料行业得到广泛应用。     

高效优势降解菌处理樟脑废水

针对樟脑废水,从活性污泥中筛选出降解樟脑废水的高效优势菌,通过分离纯化,优选出3株适应能力强、生长旺盛的菌株,分别为ZH-1、ZH-2、TZH-2。经初步鉴定分别为动胶菌属、假单胞菌属、短杆菌属。试验测定了樟脑混合菌最佳生长条件的优化组合为:葡萄糖质量浓度20 g.L-1,温度30℃,pH值为7,转速为125 r.m in-1,培养时间55 h。并测定了单株菌和混合菌对樟脑废水的降解效果,结果表明混合菌的降解效果最为明显,降解率为75.23%。     

民间传统御寒器具——火桶设计研究

＂火桶＂是南方传统的御寒器物,它具有造型简单,取材方便,功能实用多样的特点,凝聚了民间朴素造物的思想。同时,火桶所具有着深厚的人文特点和文化内涵。文章以黔东南镇远地区民间火桶为例,分析其形态、结构、功能及人机关系等内容,探究民间造物的设计巧思。     

一种灰色模糊油田区块水驱指标评价模型

针对油田开发中的不确定因素,结合油藏开发因素中的定性化指标,提出了一种基于油田开发水驱指标的模糊综合评价模型.通过灰色关联法定量筛选影响油田开发水驱因素的九项指标,运用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,结合模糊数学中的判断矩阵实现了油田各区块的模糊综合评价.此方法不仅可以对所有区块进行总体评价,还能对各个具体区块进行精细的评价,为油田开发与管理提供了有效的指导.最后,通过实际例子验证了模型的有效性以及可行性.