低温预氧化对PIP-SiCf/SiC复合材料介电性能的影响

分析了低温预氧化过程对聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体结构的影响,研究了不同预氧化温度和时间下SiCf/SiC复合材料室温和高温介电性能的演变规律。结果表明:经预氧化处理后基体中的氧含量增加,生成具有低介电常数的Si CxOy相,且其含量随着预氧化温度的升高或时间的延长逐渐增加,SiC微晶和自由碳的含量均减少,因此SiCf/SiC复合材料的复介电常数明显降低,同时高温复介电常数的升高幅度显著减小。经260℃-6 h预氧化处理后,700℃时复合材料在整个X波段的反射率均达到-8 d B以下,高温吸波性能得到有效改善。     

我国汽车与环境协同发展进程中主要矛盾与发展方向研究

本文对我国目前汽车的污染物排放特征进行了研究,对各类汽车污染物排放的历史数据进行了分析、总结与建模,对未来排放趋势进行了预测,并对我国未来汽车与环境协同发展进程中的瓶颈与主要矛盾进行了总结与梳理,提出了适用于我国的汽车与环境协同发展路线与重点发展方向,给出了相应的发展建议与控制对策。     

新时代汽车强国战略研究综述(二)

"新时代汽车强国战略研究综述(一)"提出我国应抓住新一轮汽车变革机遇,加快推进汽车强国建设的结论。在此基础上,本文从问题出发,梳理出汽车强国建设的7个层面34项制约因素,对制约因素进行了分析研究,凝练出了10个瓶颈问题。接下来阐述了当前我国汽车发展的主要矛盾,并结合当前形势、问题与挑战对汽车强国建设进行了战略思考,提出我国需尽快启动新时代汽车强国战略的结论,并就战略实施提出了主要措施和重点方向。     

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys by Electron Beam Melting: A Review

Electron beam melting (EBM), as one of metal additive manufacturing technologies, is considered to be an innovative industrial production technology. Based on the layer‐wise manufacturing technique, as‐produced parts can be fabricated on a powder bed using the 3D computational design method. Because the melting process takes place in a vacuum environment, EBM technology can produce parts with higher densities compared to selective laser melting (SLM), particularly when titanium alloy is used. The ability to produce higher quality parts using EBM technology is making EBM more competitive. After briefly introducing the EBM process and the processing factors involved, this paper reviews recent progress in the processing, microstructure, and properties of titanium alloys and their composites manufactured by EBM. The paper describes significant positive progress in EBM of all types of titanium in terms of solid bulk and porous structures including Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn, with a focus on manufacturing using EBM and the resultant unique microstructure and service properties (mechanical properties, fatigue behaviors, and corrosion resistance properties) of EBM‐produced titanium alloys.

     

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of 5A Molecular Sieve with BNs Segregated Structures

5A molecular sieves have been widely used as adsorbents in cryogenic distillation for hydrogen isotope separation in fusion reactor engineering, but its low thermal conductivity is detrimental to the process stability. Improving the thermal conductivity of 5A molecular sieves is one of the most important goals for high‐performance devices. Here, firm segregated structures with boron nitride sheets (BNs) are constructed around 5A molecular sieve particles. SEM results show 30 µm BNs tend to form the better networks in comparison with that of 0.12 µm BNs at 40 wt% loadings. It is further verified that BNs with the larger size promote the thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity increases with the increasing amounts of BNs. XRD and specific surface area results indicate that the sintering and the addition of BNs exert negligible effects on the structure of 5A molecular sieve. These results indirectly show 5A molecular sieve with BNs segregated structures is very likely to be used for the application of hydrogen isotopic separation. Besides, this work provides new insight into the construction of segregated structure in inorganic porous materials.

     

Graphene Caging Silicon Particles for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Silicon holds great promise as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries with higher energy density; its implication, however, is limited by rapid capacity fading. A catalytic growth of graphene cages on composite particles of magnesium oxide and silicon, which are made by magnesiothermic reduction reaction of silica particles, is reported herein. Catalyzed by the magnesium oxide, graphene cages can be conformally grown onto the composite particles, leading to the formation of hollow graphene‐encapsulated Si particles. Such materials exhibit excellent lithium storage properties in terms of high specific capacity, remarkable rate capability (890 mAh g^?1 at 5 A g^?1), and good cycling retention over 200 cycles with consistently high coulombic efficiency at a current density of 1 A g^?1. A full battery test using LiCoO₂ as the cathode demonstrates a high energy density of 329 Wh kg^?1.     

Ultraviolet Photoluminescence of Carbon Nanospheres and its Surface Plasmon‐Induced Enhancement

Ultraviolet (UV) light can be used in versatile applications ranging from photoelectronic devices to biomedical imaging. In the development of new UV light sources, in this study, stable UV emission at ≈350 nm is unprecedentedly obtained from carbon nanospheres (CNSs). The origin of the UV fluorescence is comprehensively investigated via various characterization methods, including Raman and Fourier transform infrared analyses, with comparison to the visible emission of carbon nanodots. Based on the density functional calculations, the UV fluorescence is assigned to the carbon nanostructures bonded to bridging O atoms and dangling –OH groups. Moreover, a twofold enhancement in the UV emission is acquired for Au‐carbon core‐shell nanospheres (Au‐CNSs). This remarkable modification of the UV emission is primarily ascribed to charge transfer between the CNSs and the Au surface.     

Influence of Sn and Mo on corrosion behavior of ferrite-pearlite steel in the simulated bottom plate environment of cargo oil tank

This work investigated the influence of Sn and Mo on corrosion behavior of ferrite-pearlite steel in the simulated bottom plate environment of cargo oil tank. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of three ferrite-pearlite steels increased with extending the immersion time due to the continuous accumulation of the residual Fe_3C. However, the addition of Sn or the combined addition of Sn and Mo could reduce the corrosion rate of Sn containing steel and Sn-Mo containing steel to 37.5% and 20% of that of carbon steel, respectively. Moreover, the cathodic reaction of Sn containing steel and Sn-Mo containing steel was always controlled by the charge transfer step during the whole immersion test, while that of carbon steel was gradually transformed into the diffusion-controlled process. These results were mainly related with the deposition of metallic Sn and Mo on the steel surface. The metallic Sn and Mo with uniform distribution restrained the galvanic effect through suppressing both the anodic dissolution of ferrite and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction on the residual Fe_3C.