Companion robots for older adults: Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis approach

Intelligent Service Robotics - This study aims to analyze the concept of companion robots for older adults from the perspective of nursing. This study employed a concept analysis. The literature...     

Growth and characterization of indium doped zinc oxide films sputtered from powder targets

Indium doped Zn O films were grown on quartz glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering from powder targets. Indium content in the targets varied from 1at% to 9at%. In doping on the structure, optical and electrical properties of Zn O thin films were studied. X-ray diffraction shows that all the films are hexagonal wurtzite with c-axis perpendicular to the substrates. There is a positive strain in the films and it increases with indium content. All the films show a high transmittance of 86% in the visible light region. Undoped Zn O thin film exhibits a high transmittance in the near infrared region. The transmittance of indium doped Zn O thin films decreases sharply in the near infrared region, and a cut-off wavelength can be found. The lowest resistivity of 4.3×10~(-4) Ω·cm and the highest carrier concentration of 1.86×10~(21) cm~(-3) can be obtained from Zn O thin films with an indium content of 5at% in the target.     

低渗透气田产量递减评价方法研究

低渗气田气井产量波动较大,在Arps产量递减分析中较难确定递减类型。尝试采用奇异点剔除、开井时率校正等气井生产数据前处理方法,以减小气井产量波动对递减规律分析结果的影响;同时,利用气井动储量作为递减类型判识依据,提高递减类型判识的可靠性。     

Seismic cracking analyses of two types of face slab for concrete-faced rockfill dams

Estimating the cracking capacity of the face slab and recommending effective crack-control measures are important for the anti-seismic safety of concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRDs). In this paper, two-dimensional analyses of CFRDs are performed to simulate the seismic cracking behavior of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) face slab and a type of composite face slab. The composite face slab is composed of a ductile fiber-reinforced cement-based composite (DFRCC) layer and an RC substrate. For this purpose, a co-axial rotating smeared crack model for concrete and DFRCC is coupled with the generalized plasticity model for the rockfill material, and then implemented in a finite element program. The results show that during strong earthquakes, an RC slab is more likely to develop a penetrating macro-crack in its thickness dimension. In contrast, the crack-controlling composite slab demonstrates excellent resistance to seismic cracking, and no penetrating macro-cracks are observed. Major harmful cracks that form in the concrete substrate are stopped by the DFRCC layer in composite slabs.     

Rheological behaviors of fresh cement pastes with polycarboxylate superplasticizer

The rheologicalbehaviors of fresh cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer were systematically investigated.Influentialfactors including superplasticizer to cement ratio(Sp/C),water to cement ratio(w/c),temperature,and time were discussed.Fresh cement pastes with Sp/Cs in the range of 0 to 2.0% and varied W/Cs from 0.25 to 0.5 were prepared and tested at 0,20 and 40 °C,respectively.Flowability and rheologicaltests on cement pastes were conducted to characterize the development of the rheologicalbehavior of fresh cement pastes over time.The exprimentalresults indicate that the initialflowability and flowability retention over shelf time increase with the growth in superplasticizer dosage due to the plasticizing effect and retardation effect of superplasticizer.Higher temperature usually leads to a sharper drop in initialflowability and flowability retention.However,for the cement paste with high Sp/C or w/c,the flowability is slightly affected by temperature.Yield stress and plastic viscosity show similar variation trends to the flowability under the abovementioned influentialfactors at low Sp/C.In the case of high Sp/C,yield stress and plastic viscosity start to decline over shelf time and the decreasing rate descends at elevated temperature.Moreover,two equations to roughly predict yield stress and plastic viscosity of the fresh cement pastes incorporating Sp/C,w/c,temperature and time are developed on the basis of the existing models,in which experimentalconstants can be extracted from a database created by the rheologicaltest results.     

Stress-dilatancy of Zipingpu gravel in triaxial compression tests

Experimental investigations of the dilatancy and particle breakage of gravelly material from the Zipingpu concrete-faced rockfill dam, which was subjected to high-intensity seismic load during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, were conducted through a series of large-scale drained triaxial compression tests. A hyperbolic relation between the input plastic work and the degree of particle breakage was found for Zipingpu gravel, independent of the initial void ratio and confining pressures. The stress-dilatancy for Zipingpu gravel was analyzed and compared with data from two rounded alluvial and three angular quarried gravelly and rockfill materials in the literature. A nearly linear relationship between the dilatancy D~p and the stress ratio η was found at medium-to-large stress ratios before the peak stress ratio. The slope of the stress-dilatancy line before peak had slight dependence on the void ratio and confining pressure of the gravel. After peak, the stress-dilatancy relation shifts down compared with that before peak for the gravel specimen. The phase-transformation stress ratio decreased with increased confining pressure, with the exception of sub-rounded gravel with little particle breakage. A nearly linear relationship was found between the phase-transformation stress ratio M_f and the state parameter y for the Zipingpu gravel, regardless of the void ratio and confining pressure of the specimens.     

竖向荷载下弹性支承直墙拱反弯点理论分析

在工程实践中,直墙拱应用较多。由于拱脚位移的存在,合理假设拱脚约束为转角约束、竖向约束和水平弹性约束,应用力法推导出了在弯矩、剪力和轴力共同作用下直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩公式。研究了竖向均布荷载、竖向三角形荷载和竖向集中力荷载作用下,直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩分布及反弯点形成的规律;发现在3种荷载作用下,使得拱脚弯矩为零时的圆心角依次减小。取弹簧支座刚度为等效的下端固支、上端允许水平位移的直墙的抗推刚度,得出了随着直墙高度增加,圆弧拱拱顶弯矩增大而拱脚弯矩减小的变化规律。在直墙拱的设计中,建议选取合适的直墙高度和使得圆弧拱拱脚弯矩为零的圆心角大小,从而有利于提高结构抗弯承载力及拱脚抗剪承载力。     

土体抗剪强度指标变异水平对边坡稳定安全系数取值的影响

针对传统的边坡稳定极限平衡方法不能考虑土体抗剪强度指标变异性影响的问题,基于极限状态的概率分析原理,采用Monte-Carlo法对均质路堤边坡的稳定性开展了可靠度计算,讨论了稳定安全系数一定的条件下边坡失效概率随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的变化规律,分析了安全系数与边坡可靠指标的对应关系及其随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的变化特征。研究表明：边坡可靠度受土体抗剪强度指标变异性影响显著,呈现出随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平提高而急剧减小的趋势;为保证边坡具有相同的可靠性,安全系数的取值应与土体抗剪强度指标的变异性相适应,据此提出了基于可靠指标和土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的安全系数取值原则及其对应的三参数函数关系式。     

Mechanical properties of silica aerogels prepared from a mixture of TEOS and organo-alkoxysilanes of type R1SiX3

Silica aerogels were prepared from a mixture of tetraethylorthosilicate and organo- alkoxysilanes. The effects of organo-alkoxysilanes on the mechanical properties of the silica aerogels were studied. The flexibility of silica aerogels was significantly improved by incorporation of organo-alkoxysilanes. When MTES and TEOS were combined as precursors of silica areogels, with the increased amount of MTES, the apparent elastic modulus and apparent compressive strength monotonously rose. At the same organo- alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the size of alkyl groups of the organo-alkoxysilanes had little effect on the mechanical properties. In series of MTES and TEOS, the lowest elastic modulus of silica skeleton and the highest compressive strength of silica skeleton were observed at MTES to TEOS ratio of around 50：50. At a certain organo-alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the elastic modulus of silica skeleton increased and the compressive strength of silica skeleton decreased with the size increase of the alkvl grouns.     

纯棉针织物果胶酶精练工艺优化及效果分析

利用KDN果胶酶,采用田口实验设计的方法,控制酶浓度、温度、pH值和时间,分别处理纯棉纬编针织物,通过测试处理后织物的白度、毛细效应、顶破强力、质量损失等性能,分析果胶酶处理织物的效果.结果表明纯棉纬编钟织物经果胶酶处理后毛细效应得到很大改善,白度增加,但织物顶破强力下降,质量减轻.综合各项指标,通过统计分析得出KDN果胶酶最优处理工艺如下：酶质量浓度1.5 g/L,温度50℃,pH值为6,时间40 min.与碱精练相比,毛细效应变好,白度稍差,织物强力及质量损失小.