面对激烈的市场竞争如何创新企业的营销管理

本文从营销管理体系、营销运作机制、营销队伍建设、客户满意服务、营销效果评价等方面论述了企业如何进行营销管理体系的创新,最大限度地调动各方面的积极因素,使企业适应市场、开拓市场、赢得市场,从而做好企业的营销工作。     

Direct measurement of the Raman enhancement factor of rhodamine 6G on graphene under resonant excitation

Graphene substrates have recently been found to generate Raman enhancement. Systematic studies using different Raman probes have been implemented, but one of the most commonly used Raman probes, rhodamine 6G （R6G）, has yielded controversial results for the enhancement effect on graphene. Indeed, the Raman enhancement factor of R6G induced by graphene has never been measured directly under resonant excitation because of the presence of intense fluorescence backgrounds. In this study, a polarization-difference technique is used to suppress the fluorescence background by subtracting two spectra collected using different excitation laser polarizations. As a result, enhancement factors are obtained ranging between 1.7 and 5.6 for the four Raman modes of R6G at 611, 1,183, 1,361, and 1,647 cm-~ under resonant excitation by a 514.5 nm laser. By comparing these results with the results obtained under non-resonant excitation （632.8 nm） and pre-resonant excitation （593 nm）, the enhancement can be attributed to static chemical enhancement （CHEM） and tuning of the molecular resonance. Density functional theory simulations reveal that the orbital energies and densities for R6G are modified bv ~raphene dots.     

驻波型热声驱动的脉管制冷机研究进展

系统地回顾了浙江大学在驻波型热声驱动器及其驱动的脉管制冷方面近10年来的研究进展,在简要描述相关实验系统结构的基础上,着重介绍了对热声驱动器的结构与运行参数的优化,以及在取得最优制冷性能方面的努力.报告了在自行研制的热声驱动脉管制冷机上取得88.6 K的最低制冷温度.     

Theragnostic Efficacy of K18 Response in Alcohol Use Disorder with Clinically Significant Fibrosis Using Gut-Liver Axis

(1) Background: Fibrosis in early-stage alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is commonly under-diagnosed in routine clinical practice. This study characterized the liver-injury and cell death response in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with ALD who also exhibited fibrosis and assessed the efficacy of standard of care (SOC) treatment in the improvement in liver injury. (2) Methods: Forty-eight heavy-drinking AUD patients aged 21–65 yrs. without clinical manifestations of liver injury were grouped by Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, as negative (Gr.1 < 1.45, n = 21) or positive (Gr.2 ≥ 1.45, n = 27). Patients received 2-weeks (2 w) inpatient SOC. Data on demographics, drinking patterns, liver-injury, immune markers, and liver cell death (K18s) markers were analyzed at baseline (BL) and after 2 w SOC. (3) Results: Lifetime drinking (LTDH, yrs.) and acute heavy drinking (Heavy Drinking Days Past 90 Days [HDD90]) markers were significantly higher in Gr.2 vs. Gr.1. BL ALT, AST, AST:ALT and K18M65 were considerably higher in Gr.2. Dysregulated gut dysfunction and elevated immune activity were evident in Gr.2 characterized by TNF-α, IL-8 and LPS levels. After SOC, Gr.2 showed improvement in AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio; and in the K18M65, K18M30 and K18M65/M30 ratio vs. Gr.1. The true positivity of BL IL-8 response to predict the improvement in K18M65 to normal levels among Gr.2 patients against those who did not have improvement after 2 w SOC was very high (AUROC = 0.830, p = 0.042). (4) Conclusions: Gut dysfunction, elevated cytokine response and necrotic liver cell death were elevated in AUD patients with early-stage ALD. K18 showed promise as a predictive theragnostic factor to differentiate among the AUD patients with early-stage ALD and baseline fibrosis who had improvement in liver injury against those who did not, by the levels of baseline IL-8.     

反相微乳液聚合法制备有机-无机复合膜及对丙烯/丙烷的分离性能

采用反相微乳液聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为原料,聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯F-127或Tween-80为乳化剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,银盐AgBF4为烯烃载体的条件下进行共聚合反应,制备了有机-无机复合膜,并用于丙烯/丙烷分离的研究。扫描电镜(SEM)显示AgBF4呈小球状均匀分布在复合膜内,粒径约为60nm;X射线衍射(XRD)测试显示,AgBF4的加入使膜的结晶性能明显下降;气体分离性能测试结果显示,复合膜对丙烯和丙烷的分离因子为5.103,具有明显的促进传递作用。     

基于偏振调制技术的晶体各向异性参数实时检测系统

介绍了基于偏振光电光调制技术对人工晶体各向异性参数的检测，设计了半嵌入式的微机实时检测系统，可完成对晶体光学双折射与二向色性特征参数计算分析，并可检测晶体缺陷。     

Metal–Organic Gel‐Derived FexOy/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Films for Enhanced Lithium Storage

The development of cost‐effective and flexible electrodes is demanding in the field of energy storage. Herein, flexible Fe_xO_y/nitrogen‐doped carbon films (Fe_xO_y/NC‐MOG) are prepared by facile electrospinning of Fe‐based metal–organic gels (MOGs) followed by high‐temperature carbonization. This approach allows the even mixing of fragile coordination polymers with polyacrylonitrile into flexible films while reserving the structural characteristics of coordination polymers. After thermal treatment, Fe_xO_y/NC‐MOG films possess uniformly distributed Fe_xO_y nanoparticles and larger accessible surface areas than traditional Fe_xO_y‐NC films without MOG. Taking advantage of the unique structure, Fe_xO_y/NC‐MOG exhibits a superior rate performance (449.8 mA h g^?1 at 5000 mA g^–1) and long cycle life (629.3 mA h g^–1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g^–1) when used as additive‐free anodes in lithium‐ion batteries.     

不同对虾种间共用微卫星DNA引物的研究

采用已发表的斑节对虾的30对微卫星引物,对部分微卫星引物在中国对虾、凡纳对虾、日本对虾中的通用性进行了研究。通过所建立的降温PCR(Touchdown PCR)方法对3种对虾的DNA进行PCR扩增,筛选出3对引物在3种对虾中均能产生清晰谱带。根据上述结果适当调整PCR反应体系中各试剂的量及反应条件,达到了理想的结果。利用这3对引物对3种对虾进行遗传标记分析,结果显示,PCR扩增产物条带清晰,特异性强,每对引物在3种对虾间扩增出的特异性片段大小几乎一致。研究表明,3种对虾基因组间存在一定程度的相似性,引物W15-16、W21-22和W45-46可直接应用于中国对虾、凡纳对虾、日本对虾、斑节对虾分子标记的基因组比较作图,也为图谱克隆法提供了新的思路。     

闭式冷却塔中空气与喷淋水同向和逆向流动的流阻试验研究

一些高效逆流闭式冷却塔盘管管外的空气流动和喷淋水的流动方向相同(顺流),其空气流动阻力的规律性尚待进一步探索,本文对此进行了试验研究。设计构建了相关的试验装置、试验件,进行了一系列的试验。为便于对比,分别针对盘管管外的空气流动和喷淋水的流动方向同向以及逆向(逆流)进行了试验。通过改变喷淋水的喷淋量和空气的流速,得到了相关的空气流动阻力的规律性。试验表明,顺流型式比逆流型式的空气流动阻力大为降低,逆流型式存在空气流动阻力的突增点,顺流型式不存在阻力的突增点。     

Influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of highly-oriented Al and Er co-doped ZnO films

High-quality c-axis oriented 7 mol% Al and 1.5 mol% Er co-doped ZnO films (ZEAO) were prepared on the quartz glass substrates by using sol–gel method. The influence of the annealing temperature on the crystal orientation, microstructure and optical properties of the ZEAO thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV–vis transmittance spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD results revealed that all the samples were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure and exhibited (002) preferential orientation. With increasing the annealing temperature, the grain size and orientation extent increased. The optical studies showed each ZEAO film had a relatively high transmittance above 85 %. The transmittance as high as 95 % was obtained at the annealing temperature of 800 °C, and the corresponding average grain size was about 50 nm. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of these films were also used to characterize the luminescence properties. Strong UV emission centered at 380 nm was observed in the CL spectra taken for the pure ZnO. For the ZEAO sample, the blue-green emission is related to the 4f shell transition in the Er³⁺ ions of ZnO matrices, corresponding to a transition from the excited states (⁴F_5/2).