Evaluation of holistic approaches to predicting the concentrations of metals in field-cultivated rice

Measurements of metals in soils by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) have previously been shown to be linearly related to metals measured in shoots of plants grown in pots. We examine the relationships between metals measured by DGT and other techniques with metals in the roots and unpolished grains of rice cultivated under field conditions at 18 sites in Jiangsu province, China. Rhizosphere soils of rice were collected and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined on soil solution, acetic acid, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) extractions and by DGT. Simple linear regression analyses between concentrations of metals in plants and those measured using DGT and chemical extractions showed a very good fit for DGT measurements of the concentrations of all four metals in both rice roots and unpolished grains. Good fits were also found using soil solution and acetic acid extractions, but the correlation coefficients were lower than those obtained by DGT. CaCl2 extractions provided the poorest fits for all four metals. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and texture. Two principal components were extracted. The first was well correlated with SOC, DOC, and clay proportion and is therefore representative of "organic matter". The second primarily correlated positively with pH and negatively with CEC and is representative of "inorganic ions". When these principle components were included in multiple linear regression, correlation coefficients for plots involving metals in soil solution and in extractions using acetic acid and CaCl2 were improved, but there was little change in the correlation coefficients for comparable plots using metals measured by DGT. These results show for the first time that the DGT measurement quantitatively incorporates the main factors affecting bioavailability.     

Enzyme assisted extraction of luteolin and apigenin from pigeonpea [Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp.] leaves

Luteolin and apigenin are naturally occurring flavones with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. In the present study, enzyme assisted extraction of luteolin and apigenin from pigeonpea leaves using commercial plant cell wall degrading enzyme preparations including cellulase, beta-glucosidase and pectinase were examined. We found that pectinase offered a better performance in enhancement of the extraction yields of luteolin and apigenin than cellulase and beta-glucosidase. The pectinase assisted extraction process was further optimized by varying different parameters such as pectinase concentration, time of incubation, pH of pectinase solution, and incubation temperature. The optimum parameters were obtained as follows: 0.4 mg/ml pectinase, incubation for 18 h at 30–35 °C, pH of pectinase solution 3.5–4. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction yields of luteolin and apigenin achieved 0.268 and 0.132 mg/g in pectinase treated sample, which increased 248% and 239%, respectively, compared with the untreated ones.     

赊销条件下如何管理应收账款

在市场经济条件下,企业之间的赊销行为越来越多,使企业经营管理中存在的风险进一步加大,文章从三个方面进行了阐述.     

Recent Progress on Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Ions Incorporated in Semiconductor Nanocry stals

Doping luminescent lanthanide ions into semiconductor nanocrystals is an ideal approach for developing nanodevices for various applications. Quantum confinement effects are expected for lanthanide ions doped in small semiconductor nanocrystals. The most recent progress on the synthesis and spectroscopy of lanthanide ions in various semiconductor nanocrystals such as Ⅱ -Ⅵ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅳ-Ⅵ families were systematically reviewed, focusing on our recent findings on the optical spectroscopy of Eu^3 ＋ doped in ZnO and TiO2 nanocrystals by wet chemical synthesis. The energy transfer from the band-gap excitation to lanthanides further confirmed that lanthanide ions could be successfully incorporated into the lattice sites in spite of the mismatch in ionic radii.     

Realization of autofocusing system for laser direct writing on non-planar surfaces

This paper presents an autofocusing system for laser direct writing on non-planar surfaces, including focus error signal detection and focusing control. The focus error signal detection is based on modified confocal techniques, which features easy implementation, independence of the tilt angles of non-planar surfaces, and excellent suppression of common-mode noise or variable system factors. We also present a macro/micro dual-drive mechanism and its synchronous operation for focusing control on non-planar surfaces. Finally, a performance evaluation of the autofocusing system is presented. The uniform line width of 2.1 μm for a pattern on a convex spherical substrate with a curvature radius of 100 mm shows the autofocusing system performs well.     

转炉氧枪防坠落装置的应用

介绍了转炉炼钢氧枪升降机构安全防坠落制动装置———楔块式瞬时安全钳 ,供国内转炉钢厂借鉴。     

新型人造金刚石刀头的研制与应用

叙述了一种新型高效、耐用人造金刚石圆盘锯牛刀头为试验应用情况。该刀头具有大刚石色镶性能好，工作寿命长，生产效率高的特点，与普通金刚石锯片相比，在切割七级硬度岩石时，可提高切割效率２５％，提高切割寿命４８．５％。     

Pr2Fe17-xAlx系列化合物的结构与磁熵变

采用熔炼法制备了Pr2Fe17-xAlx系列化合物。利用X射线衍射和MPMSXL-7型磁强计对样品相结构和磁熵变进行了研究。结果表明：Pr2Fe17-xAlx系化合物保持了Th2Zn17型菱方结构，其居里温度可通过成分微调达到室温附近；Pr2Fe17-xAlx系化合物在居里点附近发生的相变属于二级相变，并在较宽温区范围内保持了较大的磁熵变。该化合物在2．0T外场下的最大磁熵变达到纯金属Gd的60％左右，且其化学性质稳定，制冷温区宽，价格低，是一类具有较大应用潜力的新型室温磁制冷工质材料。