球墨铸铁材料对激光的吸收率

球墨铸铁因其优良性能而被广泛用作模具材料。对球墨铸铁冲压模具的激光表面处理已成为改善其耐磨性、提高使用寿命的重要方法。一定激光参量下吸收率的大小又直接影响到表面处理的质量。因此,确定球墨铸铁材料对激光的吸收率十分必要。通过热电偶测温,计算机数据采集系统进行定点温度采集,并结合数值模拟方法,对吸收率进行了标定,即首先根据预置的吸收率计算,预测被测点处的温度响应,并与实测响应比较,不断修正吸收率值,使预测温度响应和实验值吻合,由此获得吸收率。采用这种方法获得了球墨铸铁材料在大气条件下对激光的吸收率为23.3%。为激光处理球墨铸铁材料时工艺参量的选择和优化提供了一定参考。     

Influence of Rare-earth Elements on Mechanical Properties of Palladium

The influence of 0.1-0.6 at.-%RE additions (RE= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb) on themechanical properties of Pd was studied. All above RE additions increased not only the strengthproperties at ambient temperature but also the tensile strength, creep rupture time and activation en-ergy at high temperatures, simultaneously increased the elongation of Pd. In the range of dilute con-centration, the strength properties of Pd-RE alloy enhanced linearly with RE concentration. Whenthe strength properties of Pd-RE alloys were normalized at 0.1 at.-%RE, it was found that light REelements had stronger effect on the properties of Pd than heavy RE, whereas Eu, Yb, Ce had anoma-lous effect. In all Pd-RF alloys, Pd-Eu alloy had the highest strength properties, successively Pd-Yband Pd-Ce alloy. The effect mechanisms of RE in alloy, such as purifying impurities, increasingrecrystallization temperature, refining grain size. expanding crystal lattice, increasing dislocation den-sity and decreasing stacking fault energy, forming stable RE oxidation by internal oxidation, and soon, were observed. They were strengthening sensitive factors. The influence of the factors onstrength properties and elongation of Pd was discussed.     

火星探测器转移轨道的自主导航方法

本文针对转移轨道火星探测器对自主导航的迫切需求,提出了一种基于小行星和X射线脉冲星交互观测的自主导航方法,并结合工程任务对上述量测信息的获取方式和获取条件进行了研究,仿真结果表明,与单独基于小行星或单独基于X射线脉冲星观测的自主导航系统相比,该方法不仅可获得更高的导航精度,为转移轨道中途修正提供准确的轨道信息,且工程实现简单,是一种可行的转移轨道火星探测器自主导航方案,可为我国火星探测器自主导航系统的设计提供参考.     

基于卡尔曼滤波改进的精子图像序列分割方法

图像分割是精子图像识别的一项关键技术,在精子运动能力分析中起着至关重要的作用。本文对采集的连续精子图像序列进行灰度化、去噪等预处理后,采用Otsu算法对首幅动物精子图像二值化,对后续图像采用Kalman Filter确定二值化阈值范围,改进Otsu算法求出每一幅图像的适当阈值并进行二值化,缩短算法时间并能保证分割精度。应用形态学消除精子尾部和部分精子之间的粘连现象,通过计算和比较目标面积、形状因子,去除小颗粒杂质以及形状及灰度和精子相似的杂质,为精子运动能力检测提供高质量的分割图像。     

基于流式细胞仪和高通量测序技术联用的超微藻检测方法

了解超微藻结构的动态变化规律有利于更好的评估水体水质情况,然而由于现有技术手段和表征方法的限制,对超微藻检测的准确性还较低.提出综合运用流式细胞仪和高通量测序技术,实现超微藻检测方法体系的构建和运用,对超微藻细胞进行定性和定量分析.以上海金泽水库水体样本为试验材料,验证此方法具有可行性,能够有效提高超微藻检测的准确性.     

Synthesis,Micellization, and Surface Activity of Novel Linear-Dendritic Carboxylate Surfactants

Two generations of novel linear-dendritic carboxylate surfactants C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ and C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄ have been synthesized by the divergent method and their structures are characterized by ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared analysis. The electrical conductivity measurement is used to measure the Krafft temperatures of C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ and C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄, which are much smaller than those of the corresponding conventional surfactant sodium stearate. The markedly enhanced solubility of two linear-dendritic surfactants is ascribed to the high hydrophilicity of surfactant headgroups induced by the carboxylate and ester groups. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained from both the electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements indicate that the micellizations of linear-dendritic surfactants become favorable with the increase in the number of the surfactant headgroup. However, the surface activity parameters including the surface tension at the CMC, maximum surface excess, and minimum surface area reveal that C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ exhibits greater efficiency in absorbing at the air/water interface compared to C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄, owing to their different steric repulsions of the surfactant headgroups. In addition, C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ and C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄ have higher emulsifying ability than the conventional surfactants sodium stearate and sodium octadecyl sulfate.     

黔东南苗族服饰刺绣纹样的色彩规律及其特征

在纺织非遗视域下,通过文献研究、服饰纹样及图片的采集、对比与分类整理,从历史和文化层面梳理分析黔东南苗族服饰刺绣纹样色彩现象.运用NCS色彩体系对黔东南苗族五大支系典型服饰及其刺绣纹样进行色彩提取、数据分析,归纳总结黔东南苗族服饰刺绣纹样色彩呈现规律及其特征.研究发现:苗族服饰刺绣纹样色彩呈现出强烈对比色,突出纹样主体;服饰中无彩色系,易平衡画面、植物染料色彩,更具和谐韵律;通过搭配不同纯度和彩度的冷暖色调,达到服装清晰明快的整体色彩效果;服饰以中彩度和低黑度为主,且多采用纯色主色调等鲜明特征.研究思路和结论对苗族服饰文化的研究和再设计提供借鉴和参考.     

雷击杆塔塔顶雷电反击过电压仿真分析

为了分析研究雷击杆塔塔顶雷电反击过电压的影响因素,在查阅大量文献的基础上,通过对不同雷电流波形的对比,结合杆塔、线路、绝缘子实际情况,以一段实际线路和实际杆塔参数为例,利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件建立了符合实际情况的雷电流双指数模型、杆塔单一波阻抗模型、线路Frequency Dependent(Phase)模型、绝缘子闪落判据模型.在所建模型的基础上,利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件仿真分析了雷电流波形和幅值在雷击杆塔塔顶反击情况下的雷电过电压暂态特征,以及对雷电过电压和耐雷水平的影响.仿真结果表明雷电流波形和幅值对反击过电压和耐雷水平有较大影响,可为日后的防雷工作提供理论依据及重要参考.     

110 kV三相共筒式GIS同频同相交流耐压试验中隔离开关断口击穿特性仿真分析

同频同相交流耐压试验技术因无需母线全停,现已在220 kV GIS设备检修或扩建后的绝缘性能试验中得到了广泛应用。然而,110 kV变电站普遍采用三相共筒式GIS设备,由于相间紧凑布置,在对三工位隔离开关进行耐压试验时,隔离开关断口击穿风险较大,这将给系统供电可靠性带来极大影响。使用EMTP-ATP仿真软件搭建了同频同相交流耐压试验中110 kV GIS设备隔离断口击穿仿真模型,获得了同相击穿和异相击穿的故障电压及电流特性,分析了加装保护电阻对击穿特性的影响规律,给出了击穿特性抑制措施建议,为同频同相技术在110 kV GIS设备交流耐压试验中的应用提供了指导。     

用D201树脂从石煤钒矿酸浸液中提钒

对离子交换法从石煤钒矿酸浸液中提钒进行了研究。主要考察了原液pH、速比、交换前液钒浓度对钒吸附率的影响。结果表明,在pH=1.85、吸附速度与树脂体积比1.5 h-1、交换前液钒浓度4 g/L条件下,钒的吸附效果较佳。中试试验证明,原液V2O5含量4 g/L左右,采用“三柱串联吸附—优化调节—两柱串联再吸附”流程,当吸附尾液体积是树脂总体积约20倍,尾液钒品位稳定在约0.13 g/L,平均含钒低至约0.11 g/L时,V2O5吸附率为97.17%。以4%NaOH+4%NaCl配比的解吸剂对饱和D201进行动态解吸,解吸液中V2O5含量达到峰值为119.49 g/L,利用4倍树脂体积的解吸剂,最终得到富钒解吸液中V2O5浓度为57.36 g/L。解吸液无需净化处理,即可实现酸性铵盐一步沉钒法制备高纯V2O5产品,最终五氧化二钒品位为98.36%,产品符合YB/T 5304—2017要求,级别为粉钒V2O598.0-P级。