一种基于信噪比确定主元个数的方法

多段主元分析(MPCA)是针对间歇进行故障诊断一种行之有效的方法.在MPCA中主元个数的确定是模型的关键,关系到主元模型的可靠性、准确性、完备性.传统的累积方差贡献率(CPV)方法确定主元个数主观性较大并且没有考虑故障因素.为了提高检测性能,有效的提取主元,文中提出一种信噪比(SNR)与MPCA相结合选取间歇过程主元个数的方法,SNR表明的是故障诊断的灵敏度和主元个数的影响关系,在确保主元信息充分描述数据的基础上,该方法考虑了故障的信息对主元个数的影响来选取主元.将此方法应用于青霉素间歇发酵过程故障诊断中,仿真结果表明T2统计量和SPE统计量的响应曲线对故障更加敏感,有效地提高了故障诊断的准确率.     

关于水中氧气真空脱除的试验研究

<正> (一)前言水在化工生产中广泛作为热交换的冷源,而水引起的热交换装置的腐蚀,主要是由于水中溶解氧而引起的电化学腐蚀。天然水中溶解着大量的氧气,因此,由于水的原因而造成许多热交换器及管道设备的穿孔腐蚀,甚至于被迫停产检修。为了防止腐蚀,提高热交换效率,确保安全生产,使年腐蚀率降低到0.1毫米以下,为此在实际生产中,已经采用了许多方法,我们对水中氧气真空脱除的试验研究,是防止水中溶解氧腐     

偶联剂及其应用

本文综述了国内外各种偶联剂的类型、化学结构和偶联机理。简要介绍了它们在填充复合材料中的应用。     

Large-scale parallel arrays of silicon nanowires via block copolymer directed self-assembly

Extending the resolution and spatial proximity of lithographic patterning below critical dimensions of 20 nm remains a key challenge with very-large-scale integration, especially if the persistent scaling of silicon electronic devices is sustained. One approach, which relies upon the directed self-assembly of block copolymers by chemical-epitaxy, is capable of achieving high density 1?:?1 patterning with critical dimensions approaching 5 nm. Herein, we outline an integration-favourable strategy for fabricating high areal density arrays of aligned silicon nanowires by directed self-assembly of a PS-b-PMMA block copolymer nanopatterns with a L(0) (pitch) of 42 nm, on chemically pre-patterned surfaces. Parallel arrays (5 × 10(6) wires per cm) of uni-directional and isolated silicon nanowires on insulator substrates with critical dimension ranging from 15 to 19 nm were fabricated by using precision plasma etch processes; with each stage monitored by electron microscopy. This step-by-step approach provides detailed information on interfacial oxide formation at the device silicon layer, the polystyrene profile during plasma etching, final critical dimension uniformity and line edge roughness variation nanowire during processing. The resulting silicon-nanowire array devices exhibit Schottky-type behaviour and a clear field-effect. The measured values for resistivity and specific contact resistance were ((2.6 ± 1.2) × 10(5)Ωcm) and ((240 ± 80) Ωcm(2)) respectively. These values are typical for intrinsic (un-doped) silicon when contacted by high work function metal albeit counterintuitive as the resistivity of the starting wafer (～10 Ωcm) is 4 orders of magnitude lower. In essence, the nanowires are so small and consist of so few atoms, that statistically, at the original doping level each nanowire contains less than a single dopant atom and consequently exhibits the electrical behaviour of the un-doped host material. Moreover this indicates that the processing successfully avoided unintentional doping. Therefore our approach permits tuning of the device steps to contact the nanowires functionality through careful selection of the initial bulk starting material and/or by means of post processing steps e.g. thermal annealing of metal contacts to produce high performance devices. We envision that such a controllable process, combined with the precision patterning of the aligned block copolymer nanopatterns, could prolong the scaling of nanoelectronics and potentially enable the fabrication of dense, parallel arrays of multi-gate field effect transistors.     

腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比试验研究

为了筛选腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比,研究了不同氮磷钾配比的腐植酸肥料对烟草生长、品质和产量的影响。试验结果表明:施用腐植酸肥料能降低烟草株高,增加烟草单叶重、基茎粗和茎重、根重和根长,有利于增强烟草抗倒伏能力;施用腐植酸肥料能增加烟叶干重产量,以处理3烟叶干重产量最高,为350.1 g,比对照增产93.64%;施用腐植酸肥料能提高烟草叶片质量,叶片颜色、光泽、油分与弹性均优于对照,以处理2烟叶质量最好。腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶(0.83~1.2)∶(1.2~1.33)。     

掺混肥料的发展规模,关键技术,设备和成本分析（上）

本文介绍了国外复合肥料生产技术的发展和应用情况，对我国发展复合肥料生产采用的工艺技术可能性作了技术经济的初步剖析，指出发展颗粒掺混肥料需具备的条件和需采取的措施。     

Effect of boiling and roasting on the fermentation of soybeans into dawadawa (soy-dawadawa)

Soybeans which had initially been dehulled by either boiling (boiled/dehulled) or roasting (roasted/dehulled) before peeling, were cooked and fermented into dawadawa, a traditional food condiment. The micropopulation, enzymatic activities, proximate composition, amino acid, and aroma profiles of the two types of soybean dawadawa were evaluated during fermentation. Only minor differences were found in the microbial profiles of the two types of soy-dawadawa. Although boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa initially had lower microbial counts, it recorded higher counts at the advanced stages of fermentation. Proteolytic and amylolytic Bacillus species including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus firmus dominated the micropopulation of the two types of soy-dawadawa with Bacillus subtilis accounting for about 50% of the Bacillus species in all samples. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts occurred in low numbers in the two types of soy-dawadawa. The proximate composition of the two types of soy-dawadawa were similar, and their contents of moisture and protein increased whilst fat and ash decreased during fermentation. Both types of fermenting soy-dawadawa recorded similar levels of alpha-amylase activity, but boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa showed slightly higher protease activity. The levels of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, arginine and proline increased significantly with fermentation time in both types of soy-dawadawa. With respect to differences in their aroma profiles, hexanodecanol, octadecyl acetate, 1,2-dimethyl benzene, tetradecene, (E)-5-eicosene, cyclohexadecane, and hexacosane were found only in the roasted/dehulled samples, whilst 1,2-ethanediol, ethyl acetate, dimethyl disulfide, cyclotetradecane, decene, indole , 2 butyl-octenal, acetophenone, and toluene were found only in the boiled/dehulled samples. A market focus group showed preference for roasted/dehulled soy-dawadawa over boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa. Apart from the volatile aroma compounds, the biochemical and microbiological profiles of the two types of soy-dawadawa showed only minor differences and were also similar to the profiles reported for African locust bean dawadawa.     

单级行星齿轮非线性动力学模型与试验验证

针对单排行星直齿轮传动系统,提出了齿轮非线性啮合动态模型,模型中考虑了由中心距安装误差和传动轴弯曲变形等引起的中心距变化对啮合角、间隙和非线性啮合刚度的影响。考虑中心距变化和陀螺力矩并结合齿轮非线性啮合动态模型,建立了行星齿轮传动系统横-扭耦合非线性动力学模型。针对一个单排行星齿轮传统系统试验装置进行仿真计算和试验测试,试验对比分析了齿圈横向振动位移和内啮合均载系数。研究结果表明,仿真结果与试验结果的变化趋势基本吻合,且误差在可接受范围内,验证了笔者提出的渐开线直齿轮传动横-扭耦合非线性动力学模型和非线性动态啮合模型的正确性。     

环氧化天然橡胶对累托石/炭黑/天然橡胶纳米复合材料性能的影响

研究环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）对累托石（REC）/炭黑/天然橡胶（NR）纳米复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：REC/炭黑/NR纳米复合材料中填料分散均匀,REC片层呈纳米级分散;ENR改善了REC与橡胶基体间的界面相互作用,增大了复合材料交联密度,从而显著提高了复合材料的力学性能、抗切割性能和耐磨性能,且各性能增幅随ENR用量的增大而增大。     

湿法磷酸两步法生产工业级磷酸一铵工艺

以湿法磷酸为原料,采用定向净化除杂技术,依次经脱硫酸反应、一次中和反应、二次中和反应、浓缩、结晶及干燥等工序两步法生产工业级磷酸一铵,产品纯度达98.37%,副产物滤渣可用于磷酸二铵生产。30kt/a工业级磷酸一铵可实现年销售收入1.5亿元,年利润达2 066.3万元,经济效益显著。