DCT吸收处理合成革尾气工艺的模拟和优化

本论文采用高沸点吸收剂DCT对合成革生产过程尾气中含有的有机溶剂甲苯、丁酮和DMF进行吸收,并对该过程的工艺操作条件进行了模拟和优化。模拟优化结果表明：吸收塔理论塔板数的增加、吸收所用气液比的减小都可以明显地提高吸收效率;同时,进塔尾气和吸收剂的温度过高会导致吸收效率降低,而尾气中的湿度对吸收效果影响很小;当吸收塔理论塔板数为18,气液摩尔比为7.9,吸收剂与尾气温度为25℃时,甲苯、丁酮和DMF的吸收效率分别可以达到98.2%、92%和98.5%,排放气体中的甲苯、丁酮和DMF的含量达到了国家排放标准。同时本文开展了小试实验研究,并将实验结果与计算机模拟结果进行了比较和验证。     

MSWI fly ash particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash was investigated to study metal distribution on the particle surface. A detailed investigation into the distribution of chlorine, copper, iron, and zinc was carried out by electron microscopy coupled with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Compositional and leaching test data were used to identify the correlation of significant variables and to formulate a hypothesis about metals speciation. The presence of copper chloride, iron, and zinc oxides was inferred. The iron and zinc accumulation in the submicron nuclei indicates that these metals came from the condensation of volatile species. As far as concerns copper, morphological data together with the element correlation study suggest that this element accumulates on particles involved in heterogeneous condensation processes. Furthermore, during such processes, particles of small size containing copper are formed.     

Discovery and structural elucidation of the illegal azo dye Basic Red 46 in sumac spice

An unknown red dye was discovered in a sumac spice sample during routine analysis for Sudan dyes. LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS did not reveal the identity of the red substance. Nevertheless, using LC-high-resolution MS and isotope ratio comparisons the structure was identified as Basic Red 46. The identity of the dye was further confirmed by comparison with a commercial hair-staining product and two textile dye formulations containing Basic Red 46. Analogous to the Sudan dyes, Basic Red 46 is an azo dye. However, some of the sample clean-up methodology utilised for the analysis of Sudan dyes in food prevents its successful detection. In contrast to the Sudan dyes, Basic Red 46 is a cation. Its cationic properties make it bind strongly to gel permeation columns and silica solid-phase extraction cartridges and prevent elution with standard eluents. This is the first report of Basic Red 46 in food. The structure elucidation of this compound as well as the disadvantages of analytical methods focusing on a narrow group of targeted analytes are discussed.     

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of whey protein digests: concentration and characterization of active peptides

The aim of this study was to identify whey-derived peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The bovine whey proteins alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin were hydrolysed with pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatin, elastase or carboxypeptidase alone and in combination. The total hydrolysates were fractionated in a two step ultrafiltration process, first with a 30 kDa membrane and then with a 1 kDa membrane. Inhibition of ACE was analysed spectrophotometrically. The peptides were isolated by chromatography and identified by mass and sequencing analysis. The most potent inhibitory peptides were synthesized by the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl solid phase method. Inhibition of ACE was observed after hydrolysis with trypsin alone, and with an enzyme combination containing pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Whey protein digests gave a 50% inhibition (IC50) of ACE activity at concentration ranges within 345-1733 micrograms/ml. The IC50 values for the 1-30 kDa fractions ranged from 485 to 1134 micrograms/ml and for the < 1 kDa fraction from 109 to 837 mg/ml. Several ACE-inhibitory peptides were isolated from the hydrolysates by reversed-phase chromatography, and the potencies of the purified peptide fractions had IC50 values of 77-1062 microM. The ACE-inhibitory peptides identified were alpha-lactalbumin fractions (50-52), (99-108) and (104-108) and beta-lactoglobulin fractions (22-25), (32-40), (81-83), (94-100), (106-111) and (142-146).     

超声波辅助提取石榴花色素工艺研究

该文研究了石榴花中色素的超声波辅助提取技术,研究了超声波功率、提取时间、频率、料液比和提取次数对石榴花色素提取效率的影响.结果表明,石榴花色素超声波辅助提取最佳条件为功率80W,提取时间50min,频率80kHz,液料比1∶15,提取次数2次.在该最佳条件下,石榴花色素提取效率为95％.     

国家专利设备——多功能奶制品酿造机及其产品生产研究

本文主要介绍采用新疆农业大学动科学院专利设备"多功能乳制品酿造机"的工作原理及其产品生产工艺流程的研究。研究结果表明:用该设备可与传统制造法和现代制造法相结合,酿造出既有传统风味,又符合现代食品要求的乳制品。该设备只用纯牛奶,一次性生产四种乳制品,产品生产顺序为酥油、乳酒、乳清饮料、酸奶咯哒,而且所有产品的保质期为六个月以上。其每种产品的生产比率初步确定为:酥油3%、乳酒15%、乳清饮料25%、奶疙瘩10%。但因家畜品种、饲养条件、牛奶来源的不同而使产品比率出现一定的差异。最后为该专利产品今后开发利用收集了有参考价值的实验数据。     

Pressure inactivation kinetics of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula milk

Survival curves of Enterobacter sakazakii inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure were obtained at four pressure levels (250, 300, 350, and 400 MPa), at temperatures below 30 degrees C, in buffered peptone water (BPW; 0.3%, wt/vol) and infant formula milk (IFM; 16%, wt/vol). A linear model and four nonlinear models (Weibull, log-logistic, modified Gompertz, and Baranyi) were fitted to the data, and the performances of the models were compared. The linear regression model for the survival curves in BPW and IFM at 250 MPa has fitted regression coefficient (R2) values of 0.940 to 0.700, respectively, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.770 to 0.370. For the other pressure levels, the linear regression function was not appropriate, as there was a strong curvature in the plotted data. The nonlinear regression models with the log-logistic and modified Gompertz equations had R2 values of 0.960 to 0.992 and RMSE values of 0.020 to 0.130 within pressure levels of 250 to 400 MPa, respectively. These results indicate that they are both better models for describing the pressure inactivation kinetics of E. sakazakii in IFM and BPW than the Weibull distribution function, which has an R2 minimum value of 0.832 and an RMSE maximum value of 0.650 at 400 MPa. On the other hand, the parameters for the Weibull distribution function, log-logistic model, and modified Gompertz equation did not have a clear dependence on pressure. The Baranyi model was also analyzed, and it was concluded that this model provided a reasonably good fit and could be used to develop predictions of survival data at pressures other than the experimental pressure levels in the range studied. The results provide accurate predictions of survival curves at different pressure levels and will be beneficial to the food industry in selecting optimum combinations of pressure and time to obtain desired target levels of E. sakazakii inactivation in IFM.     

Clinical biochemistry and pathology of mature beef cattle following ante-mortem intravenous administration of a commercial papain preparation

Ten healthy beef cattle in a commercial abbatoir were treated intravenously before slaughter with a commercial papain-based tenderising injection (Pro Ten). Animals were observed for behavioural and clinical abnormalities following treatment. Serum enzyme activities were measured pre-treatment and post-treatment immediately pre-slaughter < 6 min later to detect liver and muscle damage. Carcases were examined grossly post mortem. Histological examination of liver, kidney and muscle followed. Nine contemporary, age-matched controls were similarly examined. It was concluded that ProTen treatment did not cause any detectable hepatocellular or renal damage and there was no significant difference in the parameters examined between treated and untreated cattle. A decision to ban the use of ProTen in cattle could not therefore be based on the premise that it interfered with the animal's welfare in the period following injection under the conditions pertaining in this experiment.     

俄罗斯选矿研究设计院工程技术服务公司在选矿工艺方面的主要研究成果

详细地介绍了俄罗斯选矿研究设计院工程技术服务公司过去10年间在科研与开发工作中取得的主要成果.这些科研成果已被用于或将被用于许多选矿厂中.     

Genome-wide bacterial toxicity screening uncovers the mechanisms of toxicity of a cationic polystyrene nanomaterial

By exploiting a genome-wide collection of bacterial single-gene deletion mutants, we have studied the toxicological pathways of a 60-nm cationic (amino-functionalized) polystyrene nanomaterial (PS-NH(2)) in bacterial cells. The IC(50) of commercially available 60 nm PS-NH(2) was determined to be 158 μg/mL, the IC(5) is 108 μg/mL, and the IC(90) is 190 μg/mL for the parent E. coli strain of the gene deletion library. Over 4000 single nonessential gene deletion mutants of Escherichia coli were screened for the growth phenotype of each strain in the presence and absence of PS-NH(2). This revealed that genes clusters in the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway, outer membrane transport channels, ubiquinone biosynthetic pathways, flagellar movement, and DNA repair systems are all important to how this organism responds to cationic nanomaterials. These results, coupled with those from confirmatory assays described herein, suggest that the primary mechanisms of toxicity of the 60-nm PS-NH(2) nanomaterial in E. coli are destabilization of the outer membrane and production of reactive oxygen species. The methodology reported herein should prove generally useful for identifying pathways that are involved in how cells respond to a broad range of nanomaterials and for determining the mechanisms of cellular toxicity of different types of nanomaterials.