Viscosity reduction of acidic heavy oil through emulsification: effects of salinity and pH

In this research, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) was selected as emulsifying viscosity reducer through a great number of laboratory experiments and then the effects of salinity and pH on viscosity reduction effects were evaluated. The result showed that higher salinity would result in emulsion viscosity enhancement. Compared with neutral pH conditions (pH =7), both acidic and basic conditions would promote emulsion viscosity reduction. When pH >7, generated O/W emulsions were much more stable than all other emulsions. Detailed compositional characterization of petroleum acid through a high resolution mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) proved that carboxylic acid and phenols inside petroleum acid would react with OH^- at basic conditions and produce some natural surfactants. Theses natural surfactants could work synergistically with SDS and further improve emulsion stability.     

Effect of oil-solubility catalysts on the low-temperature oxidation of heavy crude oil

Due to low oil recovery factor in heavy oil reservoir, air injection with catalyst becomes a competitive technology to effectively reduce viscosity of crude oil as a result of the low cost and small environment pollution. This paper determined the feasibility of air injection with catalyst in a heavy oil reservoir through static and dynamic experiments. The results indicated that under the effect of catalyst, oxidation between heavy oil and air could significantly reduce the viscosity of crude oil. The optimal catalyst contained 0.7?wt. % oil-solubility organic acid copper and 0.5?wt. % sodium hydroxide. With the oxidation time increasing, viscosity of crude oil decreased and oil recovery factor increased. With temperature increasing, viscosity of crude oil decreased sharply and oil recovery factor increased. The oil recovery factor of air huff-n-puff process was 30.2%. Air injection with catalyst in the reservoir is a promising technology.     

乙烯与1-癸烯共聚及其共聚物微观结构

采用合成的2种限制几何茂金属催化剂A(2 四甲基环戊二烯基 6 叔丁基苯氧基二氯化钛)、B(2-四甲基环戊二烯基-4,6-二叔丁基苯氧基二氯化钛)分别和助剂Al(iBu)3/［Ph3C］+［B (C6F5)4］-组成体系催化乙烯与1-癸烯共聚反应,并对共聚物微观结构的序列分布和链增长基元反应概率统计进行分析,探讨了该体系下的共聚机理和共聚物结构。结果表明：(1)共聚物主链上共聚单体1-癸烯质量分数在14.3%~67.2%之间;(2)共聚物链增长机理符合一级Markovian模型链增长机理;(3)所得共聚物结构更趋向于聚乙烯共聚物,1-癸烯更容易配位或插入到{共聚物主链-1-癸烯-1癸烯-催化剂}序列,乙烯更容易配位或插入到{共聚物主链-乙烯-乙烯-催化剂}序列;(4)随着1-癸-烯浓度的增加,乙烯与1-癸烯共聚物更趋向嵌段结构;(5)1-癸烯更容易插入到催化剂B上。     

阳离子VES转向酸体系的研制及性能评价

针对非均质储层均匀布酸难题,采用芥酸酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺和环氧氯丙烷合成一种依靠酸浓度变黏的黏弹性表面活性剂,并以其为转向剂构建了VES转向酸体系,研究了酸浓度、温度、剪切速率对其流变性能的影响。通过并联岩心驱替实验模拟了VES转向酸在地层中的转向性能。结果表明,在酸液质量分数为3%时,VES转向酸的表观黏度达到峰值,为217 mPa·s。VES残酸体系在120℃、170 s~(-1)下剪切30 min后,黏度仍可以保持100 mPa·s,具有良好的耐温耐剪切性能。与常规酸相比,VES转向酸能使低渗透岩心的渗透率提高2.35倍,具有良好的转向性能,可同时改造高渗透岩心和低渗透岩心。     

β-环糊精与NTO钡盐复合物纳米线的制备与表征

利用β-环糊精(β-CD)对3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)钡盐的分子识别能力,用溶液法制得β-CD-(NTO)2Ba复合物纳米线材料,用扫描电镜(SEM)、IR、13C-NMR、元素分析仪和原子吸收仪对其形貌及结构进行了表征。IR、13C-NMR、元素分析和原子吸收仪表明,β-环糊精与NTO钡盐形成了1∶1的包结复合物;扫描电镜表明,所得到的纳米线长达数厘米,其直径约48nm。根据实验提出了可能的包结方式。     

导弹姿态控制系统中校正网络的改进

校正网络是导弹姿态控制系统中变换放大器的重要组成部分.根据某导弹改型前后校正网络传递函数的变化,分析了网络变化的原因,介绍了陷波器消除结构谐振的补偿原理,并给出了此类有源陷波器的设计方法.     

传统与商品郫县豆瓣酱挥发性成分的比较分析

以四川3种郫县传统豆瓣酱和某知名商品豆瓣酱为研究对象,采用电子鼻与顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术,并结合感官评价对上述两类郫县豆瓣酱风味成分进行分析。结果表明:电子鼻能将传统与商品豆瓣酱区分开,最佳传感器组合为S1S4S7;4种豆瓣酱共鉴定出了53种成分,其中传统与商品郫县豆瓣酱共有的成分为18种,占总检出化合物的33.96%,含量较高的挥发性物质有4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚、苯乙醇、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、水杨酸甲酯等;商品豆瓣酱独有的成分主要来源于所加香料,3种传统豆瓣酱之间不完全共有的挥发性成分为24种,主要是醇类、酯类及烷烃类,结合电子鼻和感官分析,这些成分对郫县豆瓣酱的风味贡献不大,传统与商品豆瓣酱在酱香程度等方面差异不大,但在色泽方面有较大差异,这可能是由于发酵时间不同引起。     

基于相关法的低采样率超声水表时延估计方法

针对当前超声水表中相关法时间分辨率只能达到采样周期的问题,提出了一种基于相关法的低采样率超声水表时延估计方法.首先,研究了超声水表中所能达到的最大时间延迟;其次,讨论了相关法在超声水表当中的具体应用及插值算法对于提高流量测量精度的作用;最后,利用MATLAB软件对算法进行仿真评估了实际噪声条件下算法能达到的时延估计精度...     

碳纳米管随机网络场效应晶体管电学性能分析

利用电子束蒸发技术在Si衬底形成Au电极作为底栅电极,在底栅电极上生长SiO₂薄膜。超声分散CVD法合成的商用单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs),使用匀胶机将单壁碳纳米管悬浮液均匀旋涂于SiO₂薄膜上。再利用荫罩式电子束蒸发技术,在单壁碳纳米管随机网络薄膜表面制备漏源电极。该工艺过程避免了碳纳米管过多的化学接触,有效地保护了碳纳米管的性状。在室温条件下对器件电学性能进行测试和分析。使用该方法制备的单壁碳纳米管随机网络薄膜场效应晶体管,具有器件性能稳定、重复性和一致性较好等优点,并可用于构建碳纳米管逻辑电路。该方法对于研究基于碳纳米管的大规模、低成本的集成电路,具有较高的借鉴价值。     

One-Component Artificial Gustatory System Based on Hydrogen-Bond Organic Framework for Discrimination of Versatile Analytes

Hydrogen-bond organic frameworks (HOFs) with excellent structural and luminescent properties have emerged as a promising material for the construction of fluorescence sensors. However, designing a facile, universal and high throughput sensor with multiplex detection capacity still remains challenging. Herein, a one-component sensor array is constructed that mimics natural gustatory system for accurate and high-throughput discrimination and identification of versatile analytes. HOF as a single sensing element greatly simplifies the probe preparation in sensor array and detection procedure. Metal ions, proteins and bacteria as the model targets are rapid and accurately discriminated, presenting the universality of the system. Particularly, the system is successfully used for the classification of antibiotic mechanisms. The study expands the application scope of HOFs and provides a facile and universal system for sensing applications.