Minicomputers in Security Dealing

There are many business applications which fit far better the terminology and techniques of industrial control than they do that of conventional data processing. A dealer in any commodity whose price is continually fluctuating, be it money, stocks, or physical supplies, requires real-time information about the deals of his colleagues and competitors and the state of the market: he requires on-stream processing of this continually changing information against an on-line file system of historic data acquired about the market. His communication needs are best satisfied by interaction through visual displays even though his data processing requirements are those generally associated with small batch-processing EDP machines.     

Catalytic effect of potassium on the rate of char-CO2 gasification

The effect of potassium on the rate of char-CO₂ gasification at 800 °C was investigated. The instantaneous rate depends on both catalyst concentration ($\text{K}\text{C}$) and the internal porous structure of the solid. At low values of $\text{K}\text{C}$ atomic ratio, the rate increases sharply with the addition of catalyst. As catalyst concentration is increased, the rate first levels off and then decreases. The levelling off is attributed to the saturation of the surface with catalytic sites. The subsequent decrease in rate seems to be due to the plugging of micropores by catalyst deposits. The reaction rate changes significantly during gasification and drops sharply before gasification is completed. The drop in rate before total conversion can be explained by catalyst accumulation and pore plugging.     

Depolymerization of coals in hot pyridine or phenol

Experimental evidence is presented that suggests cleavage of bonds by solvent attack is a possible contributing mechanism for coal depolymerization.     

Conductance of aerosol-ot in n-propanol at 25°C

Molar conductances have been determined for solutions of Aerosol-OT in n-propanol at 25°C. Analysis of these results with the Fuoss—Hsia conductance equation using a distance parameter d = 13.70 × 10^?10 m yields a limiting molar conductance Λ_∞ = 17.5 ± 0.5 Ω^?1 and an association constant K_A = (27 ± 3) × 10² dm³ mol^?1. The latter is substantially larger than that calculated with the Bjerrum equation.     

Gas-phase databases for quantitative infrared spectroscopy

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are each creating quantitative databases containing the vapor-phase infrared spectra of pure chemicals. The digital databases have been created with both laboratory and remote-sensing applications in mind. A spectral resolution of approximate, equals 0.1 cm(-1) was selected to avoid degrading sharp spectral features, while also realizing that atmospheric broadening typically limits line widths to 0.1 cm(-1). Calculated positional (wave- number, cm(-1)) uncertainty is /=9) path length-concentration burdens and fitting a weighted Beer's law plot to each wavenumber channel. The two databases include different classes of compounds and were compared using 12 samples. Though these 12 samples span a range of polarities, absorption strengths, and vapor pressures, the data agree to within experimental uncertainties with only one exception.     

The effect of seasonal heat stress on rigor development and the incidence of pale, exudative turkey meat

Heat stress is one of the prominent ante-mortem stressors that elicits pale, soft, and exudative meat characteristics in stress-susceptible pigs. Industry reports of exudative turkey meat increase in the early summer with the onset of prolonged high temperatures. To study the effect of seasonal heat exposure on turkeys, 122 17-wk-old Nicholas tom turkeys were subjected in January either to growth temperatures of 16/24 C (night/day) (control) or to elevated temperatures of 32/38 C (night/day) (heat-stressed, HS). Turkeys were processed at 21 wk of age in a manner simulating commercial conditions. Pectoralis muscle samples were taken at 15 min (prechill), 2 h (postchill), and 24 h and analyzed for R-value, pH, and color. At 2 h, the remaining intact Pectoralis muscle was harvested, aged on ice for 23 h, and analyzed for drip loss and cook loss. Percentage mortality and carcass weights were not significantly different between treatments. By 15 min post-mortem, the HS birds exhibited a faster pH decline and had higher R-values that persisted through 24 h. The HS birds were also paler in color and exhibited increased drip loss and cook loss when compared to controls; however, expressible moisture was not different between treatments. In addition, the HS birds had a higher frequency of abnormal birds than controls when birds were grouped as normal (L* < 53) or abnormal (L* > 53).     

Kinetics of catalyst loss during potassium-catalysed CO2 gasification of carbon

A significant fraction of the potassium catalyst can be lost by vaporization during catalysed carbon gasification. The extent of this loss depends primarily on the reaction start-up procedure. Temperature programmed experiments show that, under inert atmospheres, both KOH and K₂CO₃ react with carbon to give a reduced form of potassium-carbon complex. The formation of this complex appears to be a prerequisite for the vaporization of potassium. The rate of vaporization at 800 °C follows a first-order expression. Under gasification conditions, only a fraction of the catalyst is in this reduced form; therefore, the rate of catalyst loss during gasification is lower than that under inert atmospheres. The effect of catalyst loss on both the initial gasification rate and the variation in rate with conversion has been determined.