Fluor SOx净化工艺--为俄罗斯绿色环境开发的将SO2转化为元素硫的经济技术

Fluor公司开发的Fluor SO_2净化工艺具有广泛多样的工艺布局,可以通过经济的方式定制脱除烟气中的有害组成。该工艺几乎能去除全部SO_2并减少CO排放。Fluor SO_x净化工艺的主要步骤已在多套工业装置中得到成功的证实。除技术可行、经济合理之外,Fluor SO_x净化工艺不会产生任何有害副产物,也不会遇到与SO_3 有关的腐蚀问题。此外,该工艺生产高纯度可市售的元素硫。论述了Fluor SO_x净化工艺的特征、技术和成本优势、设计和操作的简易性以及实施的便利性。     

制备奥托金的几种可供选择的方法

本文叙述三种由乌洛托品制备奥托金(HMX)的新方法,每种方法都是先进行乙酰化然后再硝化,其中以DADN为中间产物的方法的HMX得率,比目前以乌洛托品和醋酐为基础的Bachmann法要高,但要采用后者不必采用的硫酸和聚磷酸。已经表明,DADN可在中间规模以良好的得率快速连续地生产,废酸回收也没有什么问题。     

半圆电极对测量壁面处的湍流速度梯度脉动

壁面处湍流速度梯度脉动的测量对于深入了解壁面附近湍流的结构和传热、传质是很重要的.本文叙述了电化学法测量的原理,介绍了用一半圆电极对同时测量壁面上二维湍流速度梯度脉动的方法和测量结果.在直径0.194m的充分发展圆管湍流中,用碘和碘化钾溶液作为流动介质,半圆电极对直径为5×10~-4m,测得壁面处轴向和周向速度梯度的湍流脉动强度分别为0.3—0.33和0.11—0.12.     

准确计算摩擦系数

介绍一种非常准确的摩擦系数计算公式,它可以直接求解,而不用通常的试差法。     

一种结构新颖的热交换器

<正> 最近,笔者研制了一种结构新颖的热交换器。这种热交换器可在很大程度上克服常规热交换设备所存在的两个不足之处,即换热表面的污染和密封垫圈的泄漏。新的换热器采用了新的结构和新的流体运动模式,相比现有的其他各种换热设备,它能向使用单位提供更多的便利。 在常规换热器使用过程中,被加热或冷     

N—（取代苯基）吡嗪—2,3—二羧亚胺的合成及其生物活性

由不同的取代苯胺和2,3-吡嗪二羧酐(通过二氨基马来酰腈与1,2-二酮缩合制备)出发合成了84种3-[(取代苯氨基)羰基]-2-吡嗪羧酸(3)和同样数量的N-(取代苯基)吡嗪-2,3-二羧亚胺(4),测定了它们的生物活性。(4)中有5个化合物对水稻白叶枯病具有一定的保护作用。8个化合物对稻瘟病具有保护作用。     

Assessment of response function in two PET scanners with and without interplane septa

The authors have assessed the response function both experimentally and theoretically for two commercial tomographs: CTI 931/08-12 and CTI 953B with and without interplane septa. Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken using the GEANT package from CERN. Spatial resolution (tomographic and axial) was calculated for line sources at various positions in the field of view. Sensitivity and scatter fraction (SF) were calculated for various source geometries as a function of energy discrimination. A very realistic response function in positron emission tomography (PET) is obtained by Monte Carlo methods, using global parameters to account for unsimulated phenomena such as scintillation light transport inside a detector block and its sharing among the various phototubes. Minor discrepancies remain for sensitivity and SF at high energy thresholds and may probably be explained by introducing the observed dispersion in the energy response for the various crystals within a detector block.     

Noise equivalent count measurements in a neuro-PET scanner with retractable septa

The noise-equivalent count-rate (NEC) performance of a neuro-positron emission tomography (PET) scanner has been determined with and without interplane septa on uniform cylindrical phantoms of differing radii and in human studies to assess the optimum count rate conditions that realize the maximum gain. In the brain, the effective gain in NEC performance for three-dimensions (3-D) ranges from >5 at low count rates to approximately 3.3 at 200 kcps (equivalent to 37 kcps in 2-D). The gains of the 3-D method assessed by this analysis are significant, and are shown to be highly dependent on count rate and object dimensions.     

Sequencing of multi‑robot behaviors using reinforcement learning

Given a collection of parameterized multi-robot controllers associated with individual behaviors designed for particular tasks, this paper considers the problem of how to sequence and instantiate the behaviors for the purpose of completing a more complex, overarching mission. In addition, uncertainties about the environment or even the mission specifications may require the robots to learn, in a cooperative manner, how best to sequence the behaviors. In this paper, we approach this problem by using reinforcement learning to approximate the solution to the computationally intractable sequencing problem, combined with an online gradient descent approach to selecting the individual behavior parameters, while the transitions among behaviors are triggered automatically when the behaviors have reached a desired performance level relative to a task performance cost. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is implemented on a team of differential-drive robots for solving two different missions, namely, convoy protection and object manipulation.     

应力腐蚀裂绞前端氢脆区的形成和消失

已经研究了氢脆在A1-Mg合金应力腐蚀开裂中所起的作用.根据实验结果,提出了应力腐蚀裂纹的形成和扩展的下述模型.第一,裂纹源心由机械-化学腐蚀产生的.第二,由腐蚀产生了氢气,而氢气由裂纹尖端前面的塑性区的位错运动向前输送.由于铝合金的晶界对腐蚀一般是敏感的,并且氢气也易于在晶界集中,所以,沿晶界形成了氢影响区.第三,在氢脆、应力集