铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展过程中夹杂物影响的量化分析

本研究测量了Al 7075—T651铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展率和中间△K疲劳载荷区间的疲劳条纹间距,对材料微观结构在疲劳裂纹扩展中的作用进行了量化分析,建立了剪切断裂机制和夹杂物断裂—韧窝形成机制引起裂纹扩展的实验方程。研究还发现了K_(max,o)和K'c两个转折点,低于K_(max,o),裂纹仅由剪切断裂机制引起;高于K'c,裂纹由夹杂物断裂—韧窝形成机制主导,在K_(max,o)和K'c之间,疲劳裂纹扩展由上述两者共同组成。     

带U形缺口梁弯曲的局部应力和极限载荷的工程计算方法

本文根据折线形截面假设,探讨了一种计算带对称U形缺口梁弯曲的弹塑性局部应力和极限载荷的工程方法.文中分析了缺口宽系数(ρ/a)和缺口深系数(t/a)对局部应力的影响,比较了深缺口和浅缺口这两种情况,并给出了极限载荷与弹塑性交界面的关系.     

高压电机绝缘的材料要求

用环氧粉云母代替沥青(或虫胶)片云母制造高压电机绝缘有两种基本方法。一种是用多胶粉云母带不浸渍工艺,另一种是用少胶粉云母带浸渍工艺。两种方法都可以制造出性能优良的线圈绝缘。英国EE—AEI电机公司在采用新绝缘之前,对两种工艺作了充分的试验对比,结合生产经验,从而选择了多胶粉云母带不浸渍工艺。本文叙述采用多胶粉云母带不浸渍工艺对材料的要求,指明如何适当规定材料组成和特性以满足生产和技术要求。     

就地功能单元监控程序的设计

详细讨论了面向对象的变电站自动系统就地功能单元的概念,介绍了数码和在就地显示信息方面的优缺点,并提供了一种监控程序的设计方案。     

Strategies to improve electrode positioning and safety in cochlear implants

An injection-molded internal supporting rib has been produced to control the flexibility of silicone rubber encapsulated electrodes designed to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve in human subjects with severe to profound hearing loss. The rib molding dies, and molds for silicone rubber encapsulation of the electrode, were designed and machined using AutoCad and MasterCam software packages in a PC environment. After molding, the prototype plastic ribs were iteratively modified based on observations of the performance of the rib/silicone composite insert in a clear plastic model of the human scala tympani cavity. The rib-based electrodes were reliably inserted farther into these models, required less insertion force and were positioned closer to the target auditory neural elements than currently available cochlear implant electrodes. With further design improvements the injection-molded rib may also function to accurately support metal stimulating contacts and wire leads during assembly to significantly increase the manufacturing efficiency of these devices. This method to reliably control the mechanical properties of miniature implantable devices with multiple electrical leads may be valuable in other areas of biomedical device design.     

Selective determination of aromatic sulfonates in landfill leachates and groundwater using microbore liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Aromatic sulfonates (AS) are large-volume chemicals used in many technical processes of, for instance, the textile industry or construction. A LC/MS method for the selective determination of AS in environmental samples, based on a single-quadrupole MS, was developed and validated. The central point of this technique is the use of the compound-specific fragment ion SO3.- as marker for aromatic sulfonates. This negatively charged SO3 radical, together with the fact that AS undergo loss of SO2, allows screening for AS in complex matrixes, even in the presence of sulfate anions. Calibration curves generated from LC/MS data showed good linearity over 3 orders of magnitude, with an absolute limit of detection of approximately 1 ng. The relative standard deviation for mean areas obtained from reconstructed ion chromatograms ranged from 2.9 to 8.6%. Unlike UV detection, this LC/MS method gives similar response for both naphthalene- and benzene-sulfonates. The method presented was successfully applied to landfill leachates and groundwater, downstream of a landfill. Furthermore, this technique allowed identification of an unknown AS found in drain samples.     

Observation of the dynamics of live cardiomyocytes through a free-running scanning near-field optical microscopy setup

We report the observation of live-cell dynamics by noncontact scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) modified to work with living biological samples that are fully immersed in liquid. We did not use the SNOM setup in strictly near-field conditions (we used 1-mum constant-height mode); however, we could examine the dynamics of rhythmically beating cardiac myocytes in culture with extremely high vertical sensitivity below the nanometric range. We could halt scans at any point to record localized contraction profiles of the cell membrane. We show that the contractions of the organisms changed shape dramatically within adjacent areas. We believe that the spatial dependency of the contractions arises because of the measurement system's ability to resolve the behavior of individual submembrane actin bundles. Our results, combining imaging and real-time recording in localized areas, reveal a new, to our knowledge, noninvasive method for using SNOM setups for studying the dynamics of live biological samples.     

采用COREX设备生产低成本优质钢

由于废钢数量因炼钢和加工收得率的提高而不断减少,因此,质量优、价格低的废钢将会发生短缺,对优质废钢的需求不断增长。针对上述情况,介绍了一种适用于短流程钢厂的极为经济的优质钢生产方案,即生产能力为３０～４０万ｔ／ａ的ＣＯＲＥＸＣ－１０００技术。     

Separation and purification of methadone enantiomers by continuous- and interval-flow electrophoresis

Continuous- or free-flow electrophoresis is based upon a thin film of fluid flowing between two parallel plates. The electrolytes and the sample are continuously admitted at one end of the electrophoresis chamber and are fractionated by an array of outlet tubes at the other. Using the Octopus apparatus in a horizontal position, continuous preparative separation of methadone enantiomers in the presence of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector was investigated under conditions of continuous-flow zone electrophoresis and continuous-flow isotachophoresis. The enantiomeric composition of methadone in the collected fractions was assessed by chiral capillary electrophoresis and circular-dichroism spectroscopy. In both electrophoretic modes, partial separation of the two enantiomers with an enrichment of about 80% and a throughput of 10-20 mg of racemic methadone per hour was obtained. Operating the Octopus apparatus with interrupted buffer flow during electrophoresis, a process termed interval-flow electrophoresis, resulted in complete separation of milligram quantities of the two methadone enantiomers. Furthermore, commencing with racemic methadone, continuous multistage isotachophoretic processing is shown to be suitable to purify (R)-(-)-methadone, the enantiomer with higher pharmacological activity, on a mg/h scale and at a mM concentration in the collected product stream.