不同功率氮激光穴位照射镇痛作用研究

作者以不同功率的氮澈光对大白鼠分组进行穴位照射。照射前后测痛，照射后动物痛阈都有提高，说明不同功率的氮激光均有镇痛作用。高、低功率氮澈光穴位照射后动物产生的痛阈变化经统计学处理，差异性不显著。提示使用低功率氮激光同样可达提高痛阈的目的。     

Estimation of High-Frequency Currents From Near-Field Scan Measurements

High-frequency currents on the pins of integrated circuits (ICs) and on printed circuit board (PCB) traces are needed to predict and analyze electromagnetic interference in high-speed devices. These currents can, however, be difficult to measure when traces are buried within the PCB or chip-package, especially when several current-carrying traces are in close proximity. Techniques for estimating high-frequency currents from near-field scan data are proposed in this paper. These techniques are applied to find currents on the pins of an IC, on traces buried beneath other traces in a PCB, and on traces over a slot in the ground plane. Methods of dealing with the ill-posed nature of the current-estimation problem are discussed, as are applications to electrically large structures. A study of the sensitivity of the technique to errors in the measured fields, errors in the circuit geometry, and errors in the estimated dielectric constant of the PCB or chip package show that, for reasonable errors in these parameters, currents can be estimated to within an average of 20% (1.6 dB) or less of their correct values.     

A Linear Phase Condition for Volterra Filters

In linear finite-impulse-response filter design, it is desirable that the filter frequency response has linear phase (LP). In this brief, we investigate the LP concept for nonlinear Volterra filters. The LP condition of Volterra filters is defined in terms of its output spectrum in which the phase term introduced by the Volterra kernels is linear. It is shown that under certain symmetry conditions, the LP condition is satisfied by Volterra filters. Moreover, the LP condition for Volterra filters can be considered as an extension to the linear filter case.     

Tailored and Highly Stretchable Sensor Prepared by Crosslinking an Enhanced 3D Printed UV-Curable Sacrificial Mold

Taking advantage of unlimited geometry design, 3D printed sacrificial mold cast with highly conductive polymer composites is used to prepare a sensor with designed structures. However, the disposal of the mold in a mild condition while the refined structures can be maintained is still a challenge. Herein, a bifunctional monomer hydrolyzable hindered urea acrylate is synthesized to create a cross-linked polymer network, preventing the dissolution of printed parts in the uncured resin. 3D printed scaffolds can be hydrolyzed in hot water, which provides an attractive option for sacrificial molds. Also, a porous flexible strain sensor (PFSS) is fabricated by casting polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composites into the sacrificial molds, which demonstrates a high stretchability (≈510%) and an excellent recoverability. Meantime, the pressure sensitivity (0.111 kPa⁻¹) and a long-term electrical resistance of PFSS is characterized. The resistance response signal remains nearly unchanged after 100 compressive loading cycles at a large strain of 60%. Benefiting from the design freedom of 3D printing, a practical application of the PFSS with a complex and customized structure to monitor human motion is demonstrated. These results prove that the sacrificial molding process has great potential for user-specific stretchable wearable devices.     

虚拟专用网络技术

对ＶＰＮ的基本概念作简要介绍后,着重分析了ＶＰＮ的三种典型的应用方式,即Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ ＶＰＮ,远程接入ＶＰＮ和Ｅｘｔｒａｎｅｔ ＶＰＮ,并对现有的一些ＶＰＮ技术进行了总结,提出了一个一般的ＶＰＮ体系结构模型。     

基于IPSec的网络层VPN技术

文章就ＩＰＳｅｃ提供的、与网络层ＶＰＮ技术密切相关的协议隧道封装,用户信息加密,用户认证等关键技术及与之相关的系统管理等方面的技术细节进行分析,并就利用ＩＰＳｅｃ技术实现ＶＰＮ的具体方式进行了归纳。     

ATM中话音源的统计模型分析

本文根据ＡＴＭ网的传输特点,从统计的角度分析话音源的特点,建立统计模型并对其统计特性进行分析。     

A PUFs-based hardware authentication BLAKE algorithm in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents a hardware authentication BLAKE algorithm based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company low-power 65 nm CMOS. To support hardware authentication feature, PUFs have been organised in BLAKE algorithm as the salt value. The trials table method is used to improve the robust of PUFs, resulting in approximately 100% stability against supply voltage variations form 0.7 V to 1.6 V. By discussing the G-function of BLAKE algorithm, the hardware implementation is considered for acceleration, resulting in significant performance improvements. The die occupies 2.62 mm² and operates maximum frequency 1.0 GHz at 1.6 V. Measured results show that PUFs have great random characteristic and the authentication chip dissipates an average power of 91 mW under typical condition at 1.2 V and 780 MHz. In comparison with other works, the PUFs-based BLAKE algorithm has hardware authentication feature and improves throughput about 45%.     

Entropy-based measures for quantifying sleep-stage transition dynamics: relationship to sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness

We present two novel entropy-based measures that quantify sleep-stage transition dynamics (sleep structure) from polysomnogram derived hypnograms: Walsh spectral entropy (WSE) and Haar spectral entropy (HSE). These measures quantify patterns of temporal regularity of a categorical time series without requiring numerical encoding (scaling) of the (categorical) sleep stages. Additionally, we show that conditional entropy (CE) is well suited for quantifying predictability of the hypnogram. The relationship of those measures with traditional sleep fragmentation indices (arousal index, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) is explored for a 394 participant sample of the Cleveland Family Study, an epidemiologic study in which standardized single-night polysomnogram data were collected. The new entropy-based sleep structure measures (WSE, HSE, and CE) are positively correlated (moderate to weak) with the traditional sleep fragmentation indices. Because the sleep structure measures developed in this paper provide direct information related to temporal patterns of sleep that is not contained in traditional sleep fragmentation measures, the correlation between these new alternative sleep structure measures and the traditional sleep fragmentation measures is less important. Our goal is not to develop alternative measures that correlate highly with traditional measures of sleep fragmentation, but rather to provide methods to quantify sleep structure by examining other (e.g., dynamic sleep-stage transition) properties of the hypnogram. Additionally, the relationship of the new entropy-based and traditional measures with daytime sleepiness as quantified by the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that WSE has a stronger relationship with ESS than the traditional measures, even after both are adjusted for common confounders (age, race, gender, and body mass index). This further suggests that the entropy-based measures, especially WSE, are capturing additional temporal patterns of sleep not captured in the traditional sleep fragmentation measures, and have a relationship with daytime sleepiness.     

高k材料用作纳米级MOS晶体管栅介质薄层(上)

随着45 nm和32 nm技术节点的来临,传统的SiO2作为栅介质薄膜材料的厚度需缩小到1 nm之下,材料的绝缘性、可靠性等受到了极大的挑战,已不能满足技术发展的要求.高k材料成为代替SiO2作为栅介质薄层材料的不错选择,但是大多数高k材料是离子金属氧化物,其基本物理和材料特性导致产生很多不可靠因素.从高k材料的基本物理和材料特性角度,回顾了高k材料代替SiO2用作纳米级MOS晶体管栅介质薄层时产生的主要不可靠因素及根本原因.