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171.
Y. Yang B. F. Wang J. Xiong Y. Zeng Z. P. Chen X. Y. Yang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(10):3131-3137
The microstructure and microtexture in adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) on the titanium side in the titanium/mild steel explosive
cladding interface are investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction
(SEM/EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Highly elongated subgrains and fine equiaxed grains with low dislocation
density are observed in the ASBs. Microtextures (25 deg, 75 deg, 0 deg), (70 deg, 45 deg, 0 deg), and (0 deg, 15 deg, 30 deg)
formed within the ASBs suggest the occurrence of the recrystallization. The grain boundaries within ASBs are geometrically
necessary boundaries (GNBs) with high angles. Finite element computations are performed to obtain the effective strain and
temperature distributions within the ASBs under the measured boundary conditions. The rotation dynamic recrystallization (RDR)
mechanism is employed to describe the kinetics of the nanograins’ formation and the recrystallized process within ASBs. During
the deformation time (about 5 to 10 μs), the following processes take place: dislocations accumulate to form elongated cell
structures, cell structures break up to form subgrains, and subgrains rotate and finally form recrystallized grains. The small
grains within ASBs are formed during the deformation and do not undergo significant growth by grain boundary migration after
deformation. 相似文献
172.
173.
Effects of extraction pH, temperature, and time on yield and quality of pectin from sunflower heads (Interstate cultivar) were investigated. The low-methoxyl pectin was extracted, using 0.75% sodium hexametaphosphate at pH 3, 4, and 5 and at 75, 85, and 95°for 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively. Yield, molecular mass, and firmness of jellies of the pectins were determined. Three-way statistical analysis on yield, molecular mass and gel firmness showed strong interactions among pH, temperature and time. Highest yields were obtained at pH 5, 95°for 20 min and pH 4, 85°for 40 min. Pectin extracted for 40 min at pH 3 and 4 and at 85°and 75°C, respectively, had the highest molecular mass. Gel firmness of sunflower pectin prepared at pH 5.4 was higher than that of a commercial citrus pectin. 相似文献
174.
This paper presents an investigation into the energy absorbing behaviour of axially splitting square metal tubes. Tubes 50 mm square with a variable thickness were pushed slowly against rigid pyramid shaped dies, which had various semi-angles. By pre-cutting 5 mm long slits at the four corners, the tube splits along the corners and curls outward with a certain radius at a constant force. In this energy dissipating system, there are three components: tearing energy, plastic deformation energy and frictional energy. Theoretical analysis of the three energy components is presented. Curl radius is also studied in detail. Good agreement between experiments and theory is obtained. The results show that tubes which both split and curl may be used as efficient, long stroke energy absorbing devices. 相似文献
175.
Clinical manifestations and peripheral blood lymphocyte subset changes were studied in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) to elucidate the mechanism of clinical improvement following treatment, with thymectomy (Tx) or glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. The changes found were: 1. There was a significant increase in percentages of CD3+, CD29+ CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio and a significant decrease in percentages of CD8+ and CD16,56+ cells in patients who had never been treated with any immune therapy. 2. After Tx or GC therapy, CD3+ and CD4+, CD29+ cells were decreased, but the number CD19+ and CD16, CD56 cells did not change. 3. Tx had a special effect on CD8+ cells. In most of the patients who showed clinical improvement after Tx, CD8+ cells were increased and CD4/CD8 ratio wad decreased. 4. Anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChRAb) titers were markedly decreased after GC therapy. These results indicate that there were obvious abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in addition to those in humoral immunity in myasthenia gravis. These abnormalities tended to be normalized after Tx or GC therapy. 相似文献
176.
X. J. Wu W. Wallace M.D. M. D. Raizenne A. K. Koul 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1994,25(3):575-588
A series of fatigue-crack growth rate (FCGR) tests was carried out on 8090 Al-Li plate to examine the effects of specimen
orientation on fatigue-crack growth. The directionality of fatigue fracture behavior is found to be related to the strong
{110}〈112〉 texture in this alloy. Based on a previously developed transgranular FCGR model using restricted slip reversibility
(RSR) concepts, [1] a mechanistic model is developed for transgranular fatigue-crack growth in highly textured materials.
The model takes the form of the Paris relationship with a power law exponent of 3, and the material texture is shown to strongly
influence the proportional factor. The effect of texture on FCGR is related through a geometric factor cos2
ϕ, where ϕ defines the angle between the load axis and the normal of the favorable slip plane. The effect of specimen orientation
on FCGR in 8090 Al-Li alloy is shown to be related to a combination of its anisotropic mechanical properties and the variation
of angleϕ with specimen orientation. The model further predicts that fatigue-crack growth rates will be slower in many textured materials
than texturefree materials becauseϕ > 0 and cos2
ϕ < 1. 相似文献
177.
The influence of the specimen thickness B and the ligament length b on the J
R
-curves is numerically investigated for CT specimens. The thickness effect is taken into account with 2-D analyses by dividing a plain sided specimen into a plane stress part and a plane strain part. The fracture process is controlled by experimentally determined critical values of the crack tip opening displacement for crack growth initiation (CTODi) and the crack tip opening angle for stable crack growth (CTOAC). It is shown that for the global behaviour of a plain sided specimen, the B/b ratio is essential. The difference between the geometry dependence of the initiation value of the J-integral and the geometry dependence of the slope of the J
R
-curves is also shown. 相似文献
178.
179.
180.
In this paper, a mixed approach for probabilistic structural durability design of mechanical systems is proposed. In this approach, a deterministic design optimization that considers structural crack initiation and crack propagation lives at critical points of the structural component as design constraints is performed first. After an optimal design is obtained, a reliability analysis is performed to ascertain if the deterministic optimal design is reliable. If the probability of the failure of the deterministic optimal design is found to be acceptable, a reliability-based design approach that employs a set of interactive design steps, such as trade-off analysis and what-if study, is used to obtain a near-optimal design that is reliable with an affordable computational cost. A 3-D tracked vehicle roadarm is employed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. 相似文献