广东省伴生放射性矿资源利用过程辐射水平调查

为加强伴生放射性矿物资源开发利过程中放射性环境管理 ,防治放射性污染 ,对广东省几个大型伴生矿(包括稀土矿、钽铌矿和铅锌矿 )资源利用 (开采、冶炼、加工 )过程中天然放射性核素的污染现状进行了调查。调查结果表明 :稀土矿中独居石 ,天然放射性核素含量最高 ,2 3 8U、2 3 2 Th、2 2 6Ra的含量分别为 3.5 1× 1 0 4、1 .74× 1 0 5、4 .8×1 0 4Bq/kg,其冶炼废渣中核素的含量分别为 5 .1 0× 1 0 5、6 .38× 1 0 6、1 .5 2× 1 0 6Bq/kg。稀土选冶厂周围陆地环境 γ射线的空气吸收剂量率比一般地区的高。     

The multi-effect boiling desalting system and its comparison with the multi-stage flash system

The basic characteristics of the multi-effect boiling (MEB) desalination system are presented. Recent developments are considered, and a thermodynamic analysis and evaluation of the heat transfer areas required for the MEB system are given. In comparing the heat transfer areas, water pretreatment and salt concentration, pumping power requirement and stability of the MEB and multi-stage flash (MSF) systems, MEB seems to have definite advantages over MSF. However, in the absence of well-proven large capacity MEB units, and in view of the good experience with and reliability of MSF systems, large producers of desalted water favor continued installation of MSF systems.     

Design and Implementation of a Flexible Manufacturing Control System Using Neural Network

Design and implementation of a sequential controller based on the concept of artificial neural networks for a flexible manufacturing system are presented. The recurrent neural network (RNN) type is used for such a purpose. Contrary to the programmable controller, an RNN-based sequential controller is based on a definite mathematical model rather than depending on experience and trial and error techniques. The proposed controller is also more flexible because it is not limited by the restrictions of the finite state automata theory. Adequate guidelines of how to construct an RNN-based sequential controller are presented. These guidelines are applied to different case studies. The proposed controller is tested by simulations and real-time experiments. These tests prove the successfulness of the proposed controller performances. Theoretical as well as experimental results are presented and discussed indicating that the proposed design procedure using Elman's RNN can be effective in designing a sequential controller for event-based type manufacturing systems. In addition, the simulation results assure the effectiveness of the proposed controller to outperform the effect of noisy inputs.     

10万t/a甲醇装置的设计及变更实践

介绍了10万t/a甲醇装置设计与变更的指导思想，变更内容及实际运行情况。实践证明，变更后工艺流程更加合理，各项消耗指标优于设计值。     

The zinc-rich corner of the Zn-Fe-Ni-Si quaternary system at 450 °C

Following up on recent studies of the Zn-rich corners of the Zn-Fe-Ni and Zn-Fe-Si ternary systems, a 450 °C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Ni-Si quaternary phase diagram with the Zn composition being fixed at 93 at.% was determined experimentally using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD). FeSi was found to be in equilibrium with almost all phases in the section, including the T, ζ, Ni-δ, NiSi₂, and FeSi₂ phases, as well as the liquid phase (L). Silicon solubilities in the T, ζ, and Ni-δ phases were rather limited. However, the solubilities of Fe and Zn in the NiSi₂ phase, at 4.5 at.% and 7.2 at.%, respectively, were appreciable. The existence of the (L+NiSi₂+Ni-δ) three-phase equilibrium state apparently prevents other Ni-Si compounds from entering equilibrium with the liquid at 450 °C. No true quaternary compound was found in the study.     

柳沟庄—窟窿山油藏储集层裂缝类型及特征

根据岩心描述、薄片观察、X－CT扫描以及钻井、测井等资料，研究了酒西盆地青西坳陷柳沟庄－窟窿山油藏裂缝性储集层的类型及特征，分析了控制裂缝发育的地质因素及裂缝对油气的控制作用，认为储集层裂缝有3种基本类型，即构造裂缝、构造熔蚀缝和饼状破裂，主要受构造应力场及构造位置等因素的控制。根据裂缝形态、充填特征及其相互关系，裂缝的形成主要有3个期次，其中喜马拉雅运动晚期形成的第三期理解缝对油气运移和聚集最有效。研究结果表明，裂缝是柳沟庄－窟窿山油藏主要的储集空间和控制油气富集的因素。     

利用反射纵波评价裂缝倾角的模拟实验研究

声波全波列测井中的反射纵波可以用来评价高角度裂缝和对井周附近地质结构进行成像。目前的研究主要侧重于直接从波形资料处理出发计算裂缝的位置和倾角 ,其可靠性和准确性无从评价和校验。文中采用模拟实验的方法记录了倾角为 6 0°～80°范围内的 8种倾角裂缝的反射脉冲纵波波形 ,自行推导了反演裂缝倾角的公式 ,结合波场分离技术对实验测量波形数据进行了处理 ,计算出的裂缝倾角与实际值具有良好的一致性。本文结果表明 ,利用至少 2个深度点的纵波反射波波形资料就可以准确地反演裂缝的倾角     

Incoloy 800H合金的应用和性能分析

通过对耐热耐蚀合金Incoloy 80 0H的性能分析 ,指出它与普通奥氏体不锈钢相比具有较优的抗氧化性能、耐蚀性和高温蠕变强度。针对催化裂化装置同轴式沉降再生器内部所用Incoloy 80 0H焊件易出现裂纹的问题进行分析 ,认为在施焊过程中由于合金凝固时有低熔点金属或化合物的液态膜残留在晶界区 ,该合金具有高的焊接热裂纹敏感性 ,若焊材选择不当 ,焊丝填充不充分、缺少保护气等将导致晶间裂纹产生。提出了该合金采用TIG焊接防止热裂纹产生的措施。     

Recovery of fluorocarbons in Japan as a measure for abating global warming

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for recovering fluorocarbons as measures for the abatement of global warming. In this study, we focused on the three different kinds of fluorocarbons: CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs, and targeted refrigerant use because of the availability of relevant data. We first estimated future fluorocarbon emissions from the targeted appliances; we next compared those emissions in the units of CO₂ equivalent to the level of CO₂ emissions in 1990 from a quantitative point of view. As the result of this study, it was found that fluorocarbon emissions in 1999 and 2010 would be equal to approximately 7 and 3% of the level of CO₂ emissions in 1990 respectively. Moreover, if we implement a 100% recovery rate in every recovery route, we can reduce a large amount of emissions which correspond to approximately 2–5% of the level of CO₂ emissions in 1990, even if we take into account the energy-related CO₂ emissions by the transportation and decomposition of fluorocarbons.