Strength characteristics of the materials obtained by hot forging of porous powder preforms. II. Effect of heat treatment on the tensile and shear strength and the compressive yield stress

Conclusions Annealing of the powder metallurgy steels leads to a reduction in the values of the parameters _t, , and ^c _0.2. During this process, they become lower than those of the hot rolled (worked) products. However, after annealing, the stability of all the three characteristics increases. Quenching followed by a low-temperature tempering improves the parameters _t, , and ^c _0.2, but in this case, brittleness of the material increases. With increasing tempering temperature, all the three parameters decrease and at 600°C, they are virtually at the same level as that obtained after annealing at this temperature.The change in the yield stress after quenching and tempering or after annealing determines to a significant extent the nature (whether brittle or ductile) of shear fracture.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 4(280), pp. 73–75, April, 1986.     

Effect of composition and porosity on the hardenability and hardness penetration of structural powder steels

Conclusions The effect of porosity ( > 10%) on the hardenability of the powder steels is stronger than the effect of carbon content. The role of these factors changes with the reduction of porosity ( < 10%) and the carbon content exerts a stronger effect on the hardenability of the steel. After hot pressing, the hardenability of the powder steels approaches the hard-enability of the dense steels of a similar chemical composition.The hardenability of the alloy powder steels at a constant carbon content and porosity is independent of the degree of alloying of the steel.The strength of the effect of complex alloying on the hardness penetration of the powder steels increases with decreasing porosity, especially after hot pressing and annealing as a result of the more efficient homogenizing of the structure with respect to carbon and alloying elements.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(277), pp. 82–86, January, 1986.     

Development of tungsten-carbide-base corrosion-resistant composite materials with a binder of PKh8N15 stainless steel

Conclusions The bend strength of VNS20 and VNS32 composites is determined by the quantity of ₁phase and depends little upon the content of binder (PKhl8N15 steel). The hardness, on the other hand, depends substantially upon both the ₁-phase content and upon the quantity of binder.The VNS20 and VNS32 composites sintered at the temperatures of the start of formation of the liquid phase in the tungsten carbide—PKhl8N15 steel system, when compaction is completed and the rate of formation of ₁-phase is still insignificant, have the optimum properties.With a satisfactory level of physicomechanical properties, the VNS20 and VNS32 composites show high corrosion resistance in a medium of nitrine with additions of nitric acid.An increase in the strength of VNS type composites may be obtained by reducing the diffusion reaction of tungsten carbide with stainless steel.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5(281), pp. 69–75, May, 1986.     

Method of equivalent equations and the parameters of model intermolecular potentials

Using the method of equivalent equations we obtain improved (true) values for the parameters of the spherical shell potential for n-pentane.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 529–633, October, 1986.     

溶剂萃取中的盐析效应与软硬酸碱原理

软硬酸碱(HSAB)原理是六十年代美国化学家Pearson首先提出的。这一原理的提出,本是经验总结,然而许多研究者根据酸碱的一些基本性质,如电负性、电离势、电子亲合势、离子势等,提出了几种酸碱软硬度的定量标度,使之具有理论意义,从而定量或半定量地说明碱酸的反应性及其他性质。     

Carbonitriding at 700°C with subsequent hardening of the surface layer

Conclusion Carbonitriding at 700°C in a mixture of 70–30% of ammonia and 30–70% of endogas (or natural gas) is recommended for the production of a diffusion layer with a good set of operational properties (for example, with high wear resistance).Moreover, the use of a gaseous atmosphere based on commercial nitrogen (50–90%) with ammonia, natural-gas, oxygen, or carbon dioxide additives is promising for carbonitriding at 700°C. Here, this medium should not contain more 0.5–1.0% of O₂ and 3% of CO₂. The nitrogen-based gaseous atmospheres ensure the attainment of quality diffusion layers with decreased risk of explosion and saving of energy resources.Moscow Automobile Traffic and Highway Construction Institute. Nongovernmental Production Union "All-Union Scientific-Research and Experimental Design Institute for Trade Machine Construction. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 32–36, May, 1987.