Multipath Aided Rapid Acquisition: Optimal Search Strategies

In this paper, we propose a search technique that takes advantage of multipath, which has long been considered deleterious for efficient communication, to aid the sequence acquisition in dense multipath channels. We consider a class of serial-search strategies and use optimization and convexity theories to determine fundamental limits of achievable mean acquisition times (MATs). In particular, we derive closed-form expressions for both the minimum and maximum MATs and the conditions for achieving these limits. We prove that a fixed-step serial search, a form of nonconsecutive serial search, achieves a near-optimal MAT. We also prove that the conventional serial search, in which consecutive cells are tested serially, should be avoided as it results in the maximum MAT. Our results are valid for all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, regardless of the specifics of the detection layer and the fading distributions     

A system for the exposure of small laboratory animals to a 25-mT60-Hz alternating or traveling magnetic field

A versatile exposure system which can be used to investigate the effects of a 60-Hz alternating magnetic field or traveling magnetic field on small laboratory animals is described. Special attention was given to the design of the electric circuit to simplify the supply requirements and to keep the overall current to a minimum. A magnetic field having a flux density up to 30 mT (300 G) can be generated, and a traveling magnetic field is obtained by reconnecting the coils to a three-phase supply. The total magnetic field due to the currents in the three coils used in the exposure system is analyzed. A computer program was written to evaluate the magnetic field in the region where the animals are located. The difference observed between measured and computed values is attributed to the representation of the multiturn, multilayer coils by equivalent single-turn coils     

Zwitterionic ammonium and neutral amino molecules as cathode interlayer for inverted polymer solar cells

Cathode interlayer is essential to inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). A series of zwitterionic ammonium and neutral amino organic molecules are introduced into inverted PSCs as cathode interlayer and power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 8.07% is demonstrated. Compared to the devices without interlayer, all the devices exhibit significant improvements of the device parameters by reducing the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode. It is striking that the devices with neutral amino molecules as interlayer exhibit remarkably higher PCEs than the devices with zwitterionic ammonium molecules as interlayer. We attribute the improved performance to the better photoactive morphology induced by the hydrophobic properties of the neutral amino derivatives through research of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurements. Interestingly, the PCEs of the inverted PSCs with cathode interlayer are positively correlated with the hydrophobic properties of the interlayer materials, since devices with neutral amino molecules or molecules with a more hydrophobic alkyl pendant (piperidine) as interlayer exhibit higher PCEs. These results pave the way to the design of effective cathode interlayer materials.     

Self‐Powered Trajectory,Velocity, and Acceleration Tracking of a Moving Object/Body using a Triboelectric Sensor

Motion tracking is of great importance in a wide range of fields such as automation, robotics, security, sports and entertainment. Here, a self‐powered, single‐electrode‐based triboelectric sensor (TES) is reported to accurately detect the movement of a moving object/body in two dimensions. Based on the coupling of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, the movement of an object on the top surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer induces changes in the electrical potential of the patterned aluminum electrodes underneath. From the measurements of the output performance (open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current), the motion information about the object, such as trajectory, velocity, and acceleration is derived in conformity with the preset values. Moreover, the TES can detect motions of more than one objects moving at the same time. In addition, applications of the TES are demonstrated by using LED illuminations as real‐time indicators to visualize the movement of a sliding object and the walking steps of a person.     

车辆电气系统智能故障诊断仪的研制

车辆电气系统智能故障诊断仪由电参量、继电器状态、发动机起动和蓄电池测试电路,信号调理板、数据采集卡、工控机组件及专家系统组成.设置扫描方式、采样频率和点数并进行A/D转换后,通过程序可绘制起动电流、电压曲线,计算起动时间,单位时间内电池端电压变化率及蓄电池剩余电量.基于诊断基元和产生式规则的专家系统,根据初始故障现象找出最底层故障基元,通过多层正反向混合推理实现故障最终定位.     

重复使用运载器GN＆C技术发展趋势及特点

重复使用运载器 (RLV)将大幅度降低现役航天运载器的发射准备时间、成本 ,并提高其可靠性、安全性 ,是航天运输系统的发展方向。制导、导航与控制 (GN&C)系统是RLV的核心技术之一 ,先进的RLV的GN&C技术不仅能缩短设计周期、降低成本 ,而且对复杂多变的飞行环境具有较强的鲁棒性 ,从而提高了飞行器的安全性。指出了RLV的GN&C系统的要求、特点 ,总结了近年来该领域的研究成果 ,提出了下一步需研究的问题。     

受激喇曼散射对有级联掺铒光纤放大器波分复用系统的影响

本文研究了受激喇曼散射(SRS)对有级联掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的波分复用系统若干性能的影响.根据通信系统几率的特性,建立了SRS对通信系统误码率影响的理论模型,分析了它对输入光功率、信道数、信道间隔以及放大器个数和放大器间距的影响及相应限制.研究表明,合理采用较少的放大器数和较小的输入光功率,有利于保证系统的性能指标,降低系统造价,提高系统性价比;由最小误码率来综合确定合理的信道间隔和信道容量;通过合理的设置放大器及系统参数,可以使受激喇曼散射的影响减至最小,从而实现性能良好的长距离、大容量通信.     

Self‐Organized Nanoporous Anodic Titania Films and Ordered Titania Nanodots/Nanorods on Glass

We report a new method to fabricate self‐organized nanoporous titania films (pore diameter ≈ 30 nm; ≈ 1100 nm thick) and ordered titania nanorod arrays (rod diameter ≈ 30–60 nm; 70–260 nm high) by combined anodizing of superimposed Al/Ti layers sputter‐deposited on glass substrates. The titania nanostructures mimic the ordered nanoporous anodic alumina films via a through‐mask anodization. We propose a new anodizing electrolyte, i.e., a diluted nitric acid solution, for fabricating uniform, self‐organized, ordered nanoporous titania films with parallel cylindrical pores and without any thickness limit. More significantly, the nanoporous titania films contain a small amount of titanium nitride and dissociated nitrogen, and exhibit a moderate transparency and an enhanced absorption throughout the UV and visible light regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. After heating at 600 °C for 2 h, the nanoporous titania films develop a small absorption red‐shift and exhibit high photocatalytic activity under UV illumination.     

Z-source inverter for motor drives

This paper presents a Z-source inverter system and control for general-purpose motor drives. The Z-source inverter system employs a unique LC network in the dc link and a small capacitor on the ac side of the diode front end. By controlling the shoot-through duty cycle, the Z-source can produce any desired output ac voltage, even greater than the line voltage. As a result, the new Z-source inverter system provides ride-through capability during voltage sags, reduces line harmonics, improves power factor and reliability, and extends output voltage range. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results will be presented to demonstrate these new features.     

Electrical characterization of HfO2 films obtained by UV assisted injection MOCVD

HfO₂ films were deposited at low temperature (400 °C) by UV assisted injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (UVI-MOCVD). A three-step process was used for this study, consisting of (A) Pre-deposition anneal for nitridation; (B) Deposition step; (C) Post-deposition annealing in oxygen. Special attention was paid to the effect of UV exposure during these steps. Films were characterized by physical, optical and electrical techniques. Thickness was determined by different methods (X-ray Reflectrometry (XRR), spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission electron microscopy) and a good agreement was found for all samples. The HfO₂ permittivity, equivalent oxide thickness (E_OT), flat-band voltage (V_fb) and total charge (Q_t) were extracted from the CV response at high frequency taking into account the HfO₂ and SiO₂ thicknesses obtained by XRR. The calculated permittivity values were in the range 7–13, i.e. lower than theoretical values for the monoclinic phase. Explanations are suggested in the context of the other characterizations. JE_eff characteristics were constructed taking into account the E_OT values (E_eff = V/E_OT). Effective breakdown fields range between 8.7 and 16.9 MV/cm. No dependence of E_eff with UV exposure was found.