新型层状表面相锆基固体酸催化酯化反应研究

将所研制的层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂用于一元、二元醇醋酸酯和其他羧酸酯类产品的合成 ,考察了其催化性能。研究发现 :层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂对所考察的酯化反应具有很好的普遍适用性 ,但其酯化率与醇的性质和结构密切有关。催化反应动力学研究表明乙酸与丁醇、戊醇、己醇的酯化反应均为二级反应 ,且反应活化能均较低 ,分别为 47 4kJ/mol、2 3 3kJ/mol和 19 8kJ/mo     

可降解聚丙烯发泡塑料初探

开发可降解聚丙烯(PP)发泡制品具有广阔的发展前景。PP自身的化学结构特点使其具有比其它聚烯烃和PS更优异的降解性能。在PP中添加各种光降解剂,或引入光敏基团可以促进PP的光降解性;将其与天然高分子或各种可降解塑料混合也可以有效促进PP的生物降解;将降解和发泡的配方和工艺合理结合以获得光降解性、生物降解性或光 生物双降解的发泡PP制品是完全可能的。     

生物发酵过程中SSVIP-NNI软测量方法

生物发酵过程中关键生化变量难以直接检测,提出了一种利用基于敏感性与特异性的变量投影重要性(SSVIP)方法优化神经网络逆系统(NNI)的软测量方法。根据逆系统理论建立软测量模型,采用VIP变量优选方法,对软测量模型中的辅助变量进行优化。为了进一步提高VIP方法优选变量的性能,利用模型敏感性与特异性的概念,重新定义了VIP筛选阈值,确定最优的发酵过程软测量模型的变量。构造神经网络近似最优逆系统软测量模型,实现对发酵过程中关键过程变量的估计。通过Pensim仿真平台进行实验研究,结果表明经过辅助变量优选的神经网络逆系统软测量模型具有更高的估计精度和泛化能力。     

以实例为切入点的高职物联网应用技术专业教育第一课

物联网技术发展迅速,但高职物联网应用技术专业教育尚处于初期,因而科学、直观、紧扣实际、有效激发学生专业学习的第一课尤为重要。以物联网应用技术实例为专业教育切入点,采用阶梯式递进的方法带领学生走进物联网,感知物联网,从而充分调动学生专业学习积极性,更好地让学生了解专业人才定位,明确学习目标和就业方向,为整个物联网应用技术专业教育打下坚实基础。     

基于Msp430无线安防传感网的设计研究

文中给出了一种面向无线传感网络协议的改进方法,设计并实现了一种面向于中小型场所的远程智能安防系统。该改进方法采用只在中心节点形成与维护路由表的策略,形成多路径单跳网络。通信节点采用具有超低功耗特性的Msp430单片机和CC1101射频模块构架,中心节点采用PC机外接CC1101RS-232串口模块方案,将汇聚节点和基站服务器合二为一,实现通信协议的转换,同时为远端移动终端节点提供通信接口。通信过程增加接收确认信号环节以确保信号的有效发送。实验结果表明,文中的设计方法能够高效地完成在有效通信范围内的信息传感。     

CO2在全氟羧酸离子交换膜内促进传质特性的研究

本文以全氟羧酸离子交换膜为支撑体、乙二胺(EDA)为活性络合剂、制备促进传质膜。在常用的工业条件下,测定了纯CO_2以及CO_2/N_2二元混合物在该膜内的渗透通量。实测结果表明,此膜对CO_2的促进因子可达13.8,而对CO_2/N_2的分离因子高达316。本文假设促进传质过程的控制步骤为气体在膜相的扩散,据此导出了相应的机理模型,该模型与实测结果吻合良好。     

Seasonal evolution of the interannual variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and its forcing factors in the northwestern Pacific from 1998 to 2010

The northwestern Pacific Ocean is a complex region with significant biological spatial variations on a seasonal timescale. To investigate the joint variation patterns on both seasonal and interannual timescales, a season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to seasonal mean chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the period 1998–2010. The first two dominant modes accounted for nearly 31% of the total interannual variance, with the second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) lagging behind the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) by one year. S-EOF1 featured a strong variation pattern to the north of 30° N, with maximum chl-a in winter and minimum chl-a in summer. However, S-EOF2 indicated an opposite seasonally evolving pattern compared with S-EOF1, with chl-a increasing along the Kuroshio and extension current from boreal winter to autumn. Both these modes revealed significant relationships with climate-related indices. The two modes corresponded to the central Pacific (CP) La Niña developing episodes and the turnaround from eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña to CP El Niño, respectively. Both modes were associated with the cold phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which played an important role in prolonging the impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on chl-a seasonal evolution from 1998 to 2010. In addition, we discuss the possible factors dominating chl-a seasonal variation, in terms of the subregions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (15° N – 30° N), the chl-a growth was primarily nutrient-limited, whereas in the mid-latitude northwestern Pacific Ocean (35° N – 50° N), the chl-a growth was mainly light-limited.     

Variability of light absorption properties in optically complex inland waters of Lake Chaohu,China

Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, colored detrital matter (CDM), non-algal particles (NAP), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and their relative contributions to total non-water absorption (a_t ? w) are essential variables for bio-optical and radiative transfer models. Light absorption properties showed large range and variability sampled at 194 stations throughout Lake Chaohu between May 2013 and April 2015. The a_t ? w was dominated by phytoplankton absorption (a_ph) and NAP absorption (a_d). The contribution of CDOM absorption to a_t ? w was lower than 30%. Phytoplankton and NAP were the primary sources of spatial and vertical variability in absorption properties. Light absorption by CDOM, though significant in magnitude, was relatively constant. CDM absorption (a_dg) was dominated by NAP. The spatial variation of the absorption coefficients from each of the optically active constituents were driven by several main inflow rivers in the western and middle part of Lake Chaohu. Algal blooms and bottom resuspension contributed to vertical variability as observed by phytoplankton and NAP profiles. Specific absorption of phytoplankton had significant spatial and seasonal variations without vertical variation. The spectral slope of absorption showed no significant spatial variability (p > 0.05). Variations of absorption affected different ranges of remote sensing reflectance (R_rs) spectrum, thereby increasing the difficulty of applying the remote sensing algorithm in optically complex waters. Parameters and relationships presented in this study provide useful information for bio-optical models and remote sensing of lakes similar to Lake Chaohu in terms of optical properties.     

Discovering small-world in association link networks for association learning

Association Link Network (ALN) is a kind of Semantic Link Network built by mining the association relations among multimedia Web resources for effectively supporting Web intelligent application such as Web-based learning, and semantic search. This paper explores the Small-World properties of ALN to provide theoretical support for association learning (i.e., a simple idea of “learning from Web resources”). First, a filtering algorithm of ALN is proposed to generate the filtered status of ALN, aiming to observe the Small-World properties of ALN at given network size and filtering parameter. Comparison of the Small-World properties between ALN and random graph shows that ALN reveals prominent Small-World characteristic. Then, we investigate the evolution of Small-World properties over time at several incremental network sizes. The average path length of ALN scales with the network size, while clustering coefficient of ALN is independent of the network size. And we find that ALN has smaller average path length and higher clustering coefficient than WWW at the same network size and network average degree. After that, based on the Small-World characteristic of ALN, we present an Association Learning Model (ALM), which can efficiently provide association learning of Web resources in breadth or depth for learners.     

The min-dist location selection and facility replacement queries

We propose and study a new type of location optimization problem, the min-dist location selection problem: given a set of clients and a set of existing facilities, we select a location from a given set of potential locations for establishing a new facility, so that the average distance between a client and her nearest facility is minimized. The problem has a wide range of applications in urban development simulation, massively multiplayer online games, and decision support systems. We also investigate a variant of the problem, where we consider replacing (instead of adding) a facility while achieving the same optimization goal. We call this variant the min-dist facility replacement problem. We explore two common approaches to location optimization problems and present methods based on those approaches for solving the min-dist location selection problem. However, those methods either need to maintain an extra index or fall short in efficiency. To address their drawbacks, we propose a novel method (named MND), which has very close performance to the fastest method but does not need an extra index. We then utilize the key idea behind MND to approach the min-dist facility replacement problem, which results in two algorithms names MSND and RID. We provide a detailed comparative cost analysis and conduct extensive experiments on the various algorithms. The results show that MND and RID outperform their competitors by orders of magnitude.