Fast locking delay-locked loop using initial delay measurement

A delay-locked loop (DLL) architecture capable of incorporating fast locking and low jitter features simultaneously is reported. A test chip was fabricated in a 0.6 μm CMOS process to prove its functionality. The proposed DLL can align the internal clock to the external reference clock within two cycles and maintain its locking state with the aid of feedback operation     

Apoptosis and delayed neuronal damage after carbon monoxide poisoning in the rat

Delayed neurological damage after CO hypoxia was studied in rats to determine whether programmed cell death (PCD), in addition to necrosis, is involved in neuronal death. In rats exposed to either air or CO (2500 ppm), microdialysis in brain cortex and hippocampus was performed to determine the extent of glutamate release and hydroxyl radical generation during the exposures. Groups of control and CO-exposed rats also were tested in a radial maze to assess the effects of the CO exposures on learning and memory. At 3, 7, and 21 days after CO exposure brains were perfusion-fixed and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) was used to assess injury and to select regions for further examination. DNA fragmentation was sought by examining cryosections with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) reaction. We found significant increases in glutamate release and .OH generation during and immediately after CO hypoxia. CO-exposed rats showed learning and memory deficits after exposure associated with heterogeneous cell loss in cortex, globus pallidus, and cerebellum. The frontal cortex was affected most seriously; the damage was slight at Day 3, increased at Day 7, and persistent at Day 21 after CO exposure. TUNEL staining was positive at all three time points, and TUNEL-labeled cells were distributed similarly to eosinophilic cells. The number of cells stained by TUNEL was less than by H&E and amounted to 2 to 5% of all cell nuclei in regions of injury. Ultrastructural features of both neuronal necrosis and apoptosis also were observed readily by electron microscopy. These findings indicate that both necrosis and apoptosis (PCD) contribute to CO poisoning-induced brain cell death.     

用轴向气胎式离合器,制动器改造旧飞剪

采用轴向式气胎离合、制动器，改造了旧飞剪，解决了原剪机电磁离合、制动器控制不准确的问题；该剪机改造后在成品轧机后使用，剪切用１２０ｍｍ×１２０ｍｍ坯生产的大规格产品（１８ｍｍ以上），增产、增效，年总经济效益为９７．８万元     

菱镁矿固硫特性的理论分析

对菱镁矿在固体燃料燃烧过程中的固硫特性进行了理论研究，所得结论对进一步将菱镁矿作为固体燃料燃烧过程中的固硫剂具有非常重要的意义。     

像增强型夜视系统的图像信息传递

在分析了像增强夜视系统信息传递的基础上，指出像增强器输出端荧光屏至人眼的图像传递过程，构成了像增强夜视系统信息传递量的限制．提出了采用系统信息传递量作为夜视系统设计与评价的方法，利用这种方法可以发现在像增强器增益足以补偿光谱选道衰减的条件下，采用彩色像增强可以大幅度增加夜视系统传输的信息量．     

On the corrosion fatigue crack initiation model and expression of metallic notched elements

In the present study, attempts are made to extend the application of the mechanical model for the fatigue crack initiation (FCI) and the FCI life formula of metallic notched elements in laboratory air to those in the corrosive environment. The test results and analysis of the corrosion FCI (CFCI) life of aluminum alloys and Ti---6A1---4V show that the expression of the CFCI life obtained by modifying the FCI life formula in laboratory air can give a good fit to the test results of the CFCI life. The salt water (3.5% NaCl) environment has no effects on the CFCI resistant coefficient compared with the FCI resistant coefficient in laboratory air. However, 3.5% NaCl environment greatly decreases the CFCI threshold of aluminum alloy, but has little effect on the CFCI threshold of Ti---6A1---4V. The loading frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz has no appreciable effect on the CFCI life, and thus, the CFCI threshold of aluminum alloys investigated. Hence, the expression for the CFCI life of metallic notched elements proposed in this study is a better one, which reveals a correlation between the CFCI life and the governing parameters, such as, the geometry of the notched elements, the nominal stress range, the stress ratio, the tensile properties and the CFCI threshold. However, this new expression of the CFCI life needs to be verified by more test results.     

用Chirp—z变换获得雷达目标回波波形特征

探讨了高分辨率雷达视频回波波形特征．提出对回波信号作Ｃｈｉｒｐ－ｚ变换，以提高频谱的分辨率．还对两类实测毫米波高分辨率雷达目标回波波形进行了Ｃｈｉｒｐ－ｚ变换及Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换，并对两类结果进行了比较，结果证明对雷达回波波形作Ｃｈｉｒｐ－ｚ变换获得的视频波形特征既满足同一目标特征稳定性，又容易区分两类不同目标．     

光纤通信在市内接入网的应用

先说明市内接入网的单位用户和住家用户两大类使用通信和电视、交互型和分配型业务的要求不相同，相应地对光纤传输的应用须作不同的考虑，文中认为；光纤从市内交换局直连办公大楼是合乎现实需要的，而对于居民住家，宜选用光纤连至路边或光纤与同轴结合和适当利用无源光网络等方案，俟将来时机成熟才实行光纤连至每一家，文末有概括总结，说明接入网不同于长途网，接入网的光纤系统可以使用常规单模光纤，工作于波长1．3μm，而光放大器和波分多路系统不是普遍需要，但光电子集成在光端机中是必要的。     

Influence of quantum capture and tunneling mechanisms on the dark current of bound-to-continuum quantum-well infrared photodetectors

We present a theoretical model for the dark current of bound-to-continuum quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), by considering the field-induced mixing effect, tunneling rate and phonon scattering rate between bound and continuum states. Using this model, we can see clearly how these mechanisms significantly influence the Fermi levels of bound and continuum electrons, and thus, the dark current. Nonlinear temperature dependence of the dark current at low temperature is predicted and discussed in detail. The simulated dark currents exhibit good agreement with the experimental results, without use of parameter fitting techniques.