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21.
Introduction
Owing to long-time running, more facilities including stations, pipelines, vessels have become corrosive and aged ,some process has grown old, it has exert more burden for the maintenance and repair.Simultaneously, the fluid production rate, oil production rate and water injection rate has changed greatly so that the inflicts and problems from the established surface systems will become more obvious. Energy cost of production and running has increasing continuously. Capacity has been unbalance in systems and areas.
…… 相似文献
22.
Guangbin Yang 《Reliability, IEEE Transactions on》2002,51(3):288-293
ESS (environmental stress screening) has been extensively used to reduce infant mortality by precipitating defects. The existing ESS plans precipitate defects by stressing all products for specified durations. The plans usually require long screen durations to allow nearly all defective items to fail, and thus generate excessive aging effects on good items. For some products, failures are defined in terms of performance characteristics exceeding their critical values. This paper describes the principles of using degradation measurements of performance characteristics to screen the products. In an ESS, the performance characteristics of defective items degrade considerably faster than those of good ones, yielding a bimodal distribution of the characteristics. As screen duration increases, the 2 modes of the distribution shift apart. It is possible to find a tightened critical value to weed out the defective items before they fail. This paper, based on these principles, further designs the optimal 2-level screen plans which minimize a segment of life-cycle cost and which simultaneously meet the reliability requirement. The minimum cost is achieved by choosing optimal part-level and unit-level screen durations and tightened critical values of parts. A numerical example is followed by discussion. Because the ESS regime of this paper allows defective parts to be screened out before they fail, the developed optimal ESS plans can reduce life-cycle cost, shorten part-level screen duration, and alleviate aging effects on good products 相似文献
23.
24.
新型高k栅介质材料研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着半导体技术的不断发展,MOSFET(metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor)的特征尺寸不断缩小,栅介质等效氧化物厚度已小至nm数量级。这时电子的直接隧穿效应将非常显著,将严重影响器件的稳定性和可靠性。因此需要寻找新型高k介质材料,能够在保持和增大栅极电容的同时,使介质层仍保持足够的物理厚度来限制隧穿效应的影响。本文综述了研究高k栅介质材料的意义;MOS栅介质的要求;主要新型高k栅介质材料的最新研究动态;展望了高k介质材料今后发展的主要趋势和需要解决的问题。 相似文献
25.
26.
Jian-Bo Yang 《国际自动化与计算杂志》2006,3(1):I0001-I0002
The UK-China Research Network on Intelligent Automation, Computing and Manufacturing has been established since September 2004 by grants from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The initiative of the network is motivated by the last visit of the UK Science Minister Lord Sainsbury to China to open the first UK-China Hi-Tech Forum and by the current EPSRC initiative to set up specific network programmes in collaboration with partners in China. 相似文献
27.
28.
Yanqiu Shao Jiqing Han Ting Liu Yongzhen Zhao 《International Journal of Speech Technology》2007,10(1):45-55
In real speech, not like lexical words (LWs), prosodic words (PWs) are basic rhythmic units. The naturalness of a Text-to-Speech
(TTS) system is directly influenced by the segmentation of the PWs. Most of the PWs are the combination of several LWs. In
this paper, three Lexical Combination Models are proposed to combine LWs into PWs, including a Directed Acyclic Graph Model,
a Segmentation Model and a Markov Model (MM). To cope with the situation where some long LWs should be segmented into two
or more PWs, a Lexical Split Model (LSM) is applied to the long LWs. Experimental results prove that relatively constant results
with various training data can be obtained from a MM. The Transformation-Based Error Driven Learning (TBED) algorithm, for
its high performance of individual property, is applied in combination with the MM to improve the precision of PW segmentation.
Experiments show that among the three proposed models, the MM combined with TBED and LSM, leads to the best performance, in
which a precision of 93.00% and a recall of 93.23% are achieved. The perception test indicates that by using PWs as the lowest
prosodic units a speech sounds more natural and acceptable than by using LWs.
This paper is supported by NSFC Project (60503071); 973 Natural Basic Research Program of China (2004CB318102); Postdoctor
Science Foundation of P. R. China (20070420275). 相似文献
29.
30.
研究了用黄磷渣代替部分粘土作陶瓷原料,既可以解决磷渣对环境的污染和堆放占用耕地问题,使该固体废弃物资源化,又能缓解陶瓷原料的短缺。 相似文献