二次拟合：一种提高软件可靠性模型精度的新方法

针对软件可靠性模型精度不高的问题,提出了"一次建模 + 二次拟合"的方法,通过误差补偿机制来提高模型精度,并将该方法应用于航天软件失效数据集.实践结果表明,提出的方法对于提高软件可靠性模型精度是有效的.     

双酚A型聚碳酸酯快速拉伸过程的分子动力学模拟

本文采用用分子动力学方法研究了双酚A型聚碳酸酯的快速拉伸过程.采用COMPASS力场和NPT系综研究了应力应/变关系、能量/应变关系等.应力-应变曲线的研究结果显示,前"屈服点"和后"屈服点"分别为0.14和0.17,应变≤0.05为"弹性区域".0.14<ε_(xx)<1.05的区域为"塑性区域",ε_(xx)>1.05属于"硬化"区.能量-应力关系的研究结果显示,在应力-应变呈线性关系的"弹性区域",体系的总势能及各势能分量随应变增大发生不规则的波动.为了从能量的角度解释PBC-PC在外部拉伸条件下的应变情况,本文还研究了体系总能量与各能量分项,与应变的关系,对链结构与能量分项的关系进行了讨论.     

基于ARM7和DS18B20的合成氨塔内温度在线检测系统

为了提高氨的产率和质量,对合成氨塔内温度进行多点温度在线检测是非常必要的。本文以ARM7处理器LPC2292、实时嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ和数字温度传感器DS18B20为基础,介绍了塔内温度在线检测硬件和软件系统的结构设计。实验结果表明:本系统能够及时、准确地把检测到的温度在液晶显示屏显示出来,及时对塔内温度进行调节,成功地实现了合成氨塔内多点温度的检测,并且数据传输的速度在原来的基础上提高3倍。     

三元硝酸熔盐高温粘度的计算

三元硝酸熔盐是一种重要的传热蓄热介质,粘度物性数据对其在工业中应用非常重要.但是由于硝酸熔盐熔点高,腐蚀性强,测试条件苛刻,粘度测量结果偏差较大,故利用计算方法确定熔盐粘度.本文首先通过大量实验数据拟合了纯物质KNO3,NaNO3和NaNO2的粘度,再利用Arrhenius混合规则确定的经验公式计算三元硝酸熔盐的粘度.与前人实际测量值进行比较.结果发现:利用简单经验公式估算的结果与实际测量值比较接近,表明这种熔盐热物性变化受外界影响较小,可以利用Arrhenius简单混合规则确定熔盐粘度.     

一级直线倒立摆匀速行走的模糊控制研究与实现

当前针对倒立摆的研究一般是把角度控制或者位置控制作为控制目标,很少着眼于速度控制,有鉴于此,设计了一种简单的模糊控制器,应用于一级直线倒立摆的匀速行走控制中;仿真实验和实物实时控制实验均验证了该控制器的有效性,对于设定的速度整定值,通过调整几个比例环节的系数,系统具有很好的动态性能指标,而且控制器在有外界扰动时体现了很好的抗扰性;考虑到实际物理系统中倒立摆行程的限制,设计的自动换向开关实现了倒立摆在一段给定的行程上匀速来回行走的控制目标,通过手动切换开关也能实现倒立摆的位置控制。     

基于间歇控制的不确定主从Lur’e系统的指数同步

研究了不确定主从Lur’e系统的问歇控制同步问题．运用Lyapunov稳定性理论和S-过程,首先推导出保证标称主从Lur’e系统指数同步的一个充分条件．在此基础上进一步得到了具有范数有界不确定性主从Lur’e系统鲁棒指数同步的结果．这些同步判据以矩阵不等式的形式给出．另外我们还提出了一种最小化性能指标的优化策略．最后,通过两个数值例子验证了结果的有效性．     

Fishtail magnetization in single crystal Tl2Ba2CuO6

We report extensive magnetization measurements on single crystals of Tl₂Ba₂CuO₆ superconductors. The fishtail magnetization is found to disappear above a characteristic temperature (60 K), which corresponds to a crossover temperature in the temperature dependence of the irreversibility line. Since the low temperature irreversibility field can be modeled by a Josephson coupled layered system, we propose that the fishtail magnetization in the Tl₂Ba₂CuO₆ system is due to dimensional crossover.     

Frontiers in Circularly Polarized Phosphorescent Materials

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have received increasing attention in recent years. Amongst various CPL materials, circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) materials featuring long life-time represent a novel research frontier and exhibit promising applications in various fields. Herein, the state-of-the-art advances of CPP materials are systematically summarized, as classified into transition metal complexes, organic small molecules, polymers, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Besides, the recent applications of CPP materials in organic light-emitting diodes and encryption display are also summarized. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives are put forward. It is expected that this review will offer more inspirations for the future rational design of advanced CPP materials, thus further promoting their future practical applications.     

Breaking the Responsivity-Bandwidth Trade-Off Limit in GaN Photoelectrodes for High-Response and Fast-Speed Optical Communication Application

Underwater optical communication (UOC) has attracted considerable interest in the continuous expansion of human activities in marine/ocean environments. The water-durable and self-powered photoelectrodes that act as a battery-free light receiver in UOC are particularly crucial, as they may directly face complex underwater conditions. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetectors are appealing owing to their intrinsic aqueous operation characteristics with versatile tunability of photoresponses. Herein, a self-powered PEC photodetector employing n-type gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires as a photoelectrode, which is decorated with an iridium oxide (IrO_x) layer to optimize charge transfer dynamics at the GaN/electrolyte interface, is reported. Strikingly, the constructed n-GaN/IrO_x photoelectrode breaks the responsivity-bandwidth trade-off limit by simultaneously improving the response speed and responsivity, delivering an ultrafast response speed with response/recovery times of only 2 µs/4 µs while achieving a high responsivity of 110.1 mA W⁻¹. Importantly, the device exhibits a large bandwidth with 3 dB cutoff frequency exceeding 100 kHz in UOC tests, which is one of the highest values among self-powered photodetectors employed in optical communication system.     

Freely Tailorable Yolk-Shell Encapsulation: Versatile Applications in Ultralow-k Dielectric,Drug Delivery Systems,and Catalysts

Herein, a facile, controllable, and versatile method is reported to prepare monodisperse yolk-shell and yolk-multishell silica nanoparticles (NPs) with mesoporous shells by a novel selective etching strategy. The mechanism of selective etching based on fluoride-silica chemistry is investigated in detail and thus provides a fundamentally novel principle for the fabrication of yolk-shell NPs. Specifically, this unprecedented and versatile synthesis strategy can be used to encapsulate essentially any silica-based, carbon-based, metal, metal oxide, or other possible NPs. Noteworthy is that most of the yolk-shell mesoporous silica (mSiO₂) NPs are prepared for the first time. To demonstrate the major structural and compositional advantages of the designed yolk-shell NPs, their applications in the fields of ultralow-dielectric constant (k) materials, drug delivery systems, and catalysts were explored. In detail, the lowest k value of the prepared yolk-shellordered mesoporous silica@mSiO₂/fluorinated polybenzoxazole composite films is 2.02; The obtained yolk-shell mSiO₂/C@mSiO₂/C NPs possess high hydrophilicity and pH-responsive sensitivity; The conversion of the catalytic reaction of the designed magnetic yolk-shell hollow Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/Au@mSiO₂ NPs at 20 min is 97% with a high conversion rate (92%) and recyclability even after 10 reuses. This innovative work lays a solid foundation for freely tailorable yolk-shell encapsulation and will greatly stimulate more efforts devoted to relevant research and development.