Consistent indexing of a (set of) single crystal SAED pattern(s) with the ProcessDiffraction program

A computer program called "ProcessDiffraction" helps indexing a set of single crystal selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns by determining which of the presumed structures can fit all the measured patterns simultaneously. Distances and angles are measured in the digitalized patterns with a graphical tool by clicking on the two shortest non-collinear vectors (spots), using user-supplied calibration data. Centers of the spots and center of the pattern are optionally refined by the program. Suggested individual indexing solutions (consistent with an assumed unit cell) are listed by the program for each pattern. Simulated patterns are also consulted to check if the shortest calculated distances coincide with measured ones. Common solutions for the set are selected by checking the angles between the suggested zone axes against the angles between the experimental goniometer settings. The indexing process is manually controlled by selecting the candidate structures (one-by-one) for indexing and by specifying the tolerances for d-values, plane angles and zone angles. Patterns of any crystal system can be indexed successfully. Although error bars are larger in electron diffraction than in X-ray diffraction (XRD), frequently, many unrelated indexings are possible for any one electron diffraction pattern (irrespective of the indexing method), a set of SAED patterns can generally be indexed unambiguously, i.e. the three-dimensional reciprocal space can be identified correctly. Two other tools also help planning tilting experiments: zones along a plane can be listed (with their angles extended from a pre-selected zone in that plane) and zones lying at a given angle (specified with a tolerance) from a zone can also be identified (as they are situated between two cones). Another tool searches the XRD database directly either for advice on possible structures for a composition or to help calibration.     

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the hepatic microsomal desaturation activities in vitro

The influence of individual conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on the Δ6 desaturation of linoleic and α-linolenic acids and on the Δ9 desaturation of stearic acid was investigated in vitro, using rat liver microsomes. The Δ6 desaturation of 18∶2n−6 was decreased from 23 to 38% when the ratio of 9cis,11trans-18∶2 to 18∶2n−6 increased from 0.5 to 2. The compound 10trans,12cis-18∶2 exhibited a similar effect only at the highest concentration. The Δ6 desaturation of α-linolenic acid was slightly affected by the presence of CLA isomers. The sole isomer to induce an inhibitory effect on the Δ9 desaturation of stearic acid was 10trans,12cis-18∶2.     

橡胶增塑剂迁移行为及表征技术研究进展

对橡胶增塑剂迁移行为和影响因素,迁移数学模型及迁移物定性、定量表征技术进行了综述。指出通过利用多种表征技术,开发新的表征方法,对橡胶增塑剂迁移机理进行研究,并最终建立起更高效、准确、便捷的增塑剂迁移模型和分析方法将是该领域的研究方向。     

致密油藏水力压裂复杂缝网单井产能预测

致密油藏压裂裂缝的非线性扩展特征具有统计自相似性,可以采用类分形分叉树状网络来表征压裂复杂裂缝网络系统。基于流体扩散理论和压降叠加原理,采用半解析方法建立了相应的油藏渗流和裂缝渗流数学模型,通过迭代求解,对压裂井的不稳定产能进行预测,并分析了产能影响因素：基质渗透率越小,分支缝产量贡献比越大;生产初期,分支缝产量贡献较小,拟稳态阶段,分支缝产量占总产量比例迅速增加,稳产时间延长;裂缝系统越复杂,有效裂缝接触面积越大,产量越高;分支缝导流能力越大,产量越高;复杂缝网和分支缝导流能力的提高,有利于致密油藏压裂井的高产、稳产。     

玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖烃源岩生烃机理及资源量新认识

碱湖烃源岩的生烃特征和机理是学科研究的前缘与难点。以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组为例,采用烃源岩人工剖面、自然剖面、油气特征标定相结合的方法,对这套碱湖烃源岩的生烃特征和机理进行了研究,并据此重新计算了资源量。结果表明,风城组碱湖烃源岩的生烃特征突出表现为转化率高、连续生烃、多期高峰、生油窗长、油质轻、油多气少,不同于传统的湖相优质烃源岩。这种独特的生烃机理在于烃源岩的有机和无机组成2方面。风城组碱湖烃源岩的生烃母质以菌、藻类为主,特别是菌类发育,因此生烃具有油多气少、转化率高、连续生烃、油质轻的特色;风城组的矿物组成独特性在于兼具发育碱类矿物和火山矿物,二者对生烃分别起延滞和催化作用,使得烃源岩可以早期生烃、持续生烃、多期高峰、生油窗长。基于这种特殊的生烃特征和机理,重新评估了研究区的资源量,生油量较前期认识提高了25%,生气量减少了13%,这更贴近于目前的勘探实际,对确定下步勘探开发方向具有重要意义。     

注凝析油开采稠油的地质工艺

在西西伯利亚俄罗斯油田开展了注凝析油开发稠油的研究，现场实验结果表明，注入25%的凝析油，可使其混合液粘度达到原高粘油粘度的1/60，以俄罗斯油田为例，探讨了注凝析油矿场试验的可行性，预测了凝析油的用量和可能产出的油量，并对原油外输提出了一系列更换工艺设备的要求。     

基于遗传优化的模糊PID控制在智能除草中的应用研究*

针对当前智能除草控制系统的非线性、时滞性及喷施精度过低等问题,设计了一种基于超代遗传算法(HG-GA)优化的模糊PID控制方案。在该方案中,针对智能除草装置的特点,设计了对应的模糊PID控制器,并对控制器的各因子进行遗传优化,从而提高系统的控制效果,同时加快了优化速度。实验结果表明这是一种有效的控制策略,尤其是在处理非线性及外部干扰方面有更好的鲁棒性。     

制造企业内容管理系统中基于角色和任务访问控制的研究

在制造企业内容管理系统中将角色管理与内容工作流管理相结合,采用一种动静态权限结合的访问控制,将任务和角色放在同一层,角色权限决定用户的静态权限,任务实例权限决定用户的当前权限,实现用户访问控制;最后以制造企业内容管理系统的设备资源管理模块中的访问控制为例进行说明。     

一种移动新型农村合作医疗信息系统的设计*

针对目前新型农村合作医疗信息系统的不完善,提出了一种移动新型农村合作医疗信息系统的设计方案。在简单阐述了系统的整体设计方案之后,着重讨论了基于J2ME技术实现移动终端的界面交互、网络通信和XML解析等问题。     

一种求解多旅行商问题双层降解混合算法*

为了能快速近似求解多旅行商问题,提出了双层降解混合算法。首层降解根据问题空间展布特性,利用聚类技术将问题分解为若干子类问题,底层降解将子类问题转换为经典的旅行商问题,通过缩减子类问题初始状态下的边数量,使得子类问题求解难度得到再度降低,最终利用精确算法进行求解能够得到高质量优化解。对比实验表明双层降解混合算法具有计算时间短和求解质量高的优势,说明了新算法的有效性和高效性。