一种新的双(苯并-15-冠-5)的合成

在Pedersen首次合成的冠醚中,有关苯并-15-冠-5的产品就有六种,即:苯并-、萘并-、环己并-、叔丁基苯并-、叔丁基环己并-和萘烷并-15-冠-5。在以后的十几年中,带有各种取代基的苯并-15-冠-5相继问世。这些冠醚的合成,大大丰富了冠醚品种,为研究冠醚的应用提供了条件。本工作参照文献[1,2,8]合成了苯并-15-冠-5、4’-硝基-苯并-15-冠-5、4’-氨基-苯并-15-冠-6,还合成了一种新的双冠醚。合成4’-氨基-苯并-15-冠-5,本多采用加压氢化还原法。这种方法因用专门设备受到了限制。我们参照文献[8],采用钯-碳催化、水合肼还原,成功地合成了4’-氨基-苯并-15-冠-5,方法简便、快速、产率也高。我们注意到,如在苯环上存在其它推电子基团的芳胺,在甲基化时,由于苯环强烈地活化,不仅氨基本身被过量的甲基化试剂所甲基化,而且苯环上的其     

基于平衡常数法的Texaco气化模型

分析了Texaco气化技术的特点，建立了基于多个化学反应的平衡常数法的气化模型．在模型中，根据组分平衡、化学平衡和能量平衡，利用平衡常数法，可以由燃料性质和运行条件计算出口气体化学成分，得到了Texaco气化炉的一维模型．并通过实验数据，对模型进行了校核讨论．结果表明，模型计算值和实验值吻合得较好．     

web设计中div＋css页面布局的应用研究

随着web标准化设计理念的普及,目前网站几乎均采用DIV＋CSS进行网页的排版布局,用DIV布局,使用CSS层叠样式来实现页面的外观。本文就DIV布局时CSS样式表一些关键属性设置进行探讨。     

3D Modeling of the preparation process of metal rubber material

Based on the analysis of the preparation of metal rubber (MR) and two pivotal hypotheses,the uniform distribution and the unaltered topological structure of wires in the radial direction of columns in the punch process,a 3D parametrical model was established based on four approaches:helix-making,planar roughcast-weaving,planar roughcast-rolling,and 3D roughcast punching.In the modeling process,5 lattice types of weave patterns in planar roughcast were put forward,and 10 quantificational modeling parameters ...     

Relationship between the microstructure and reaction performance of aluminosilicate

A systematic study was conducted to comprehend the mechanism of thermal activation of silica-alumina materials by using 29 Si and 27 Al magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy.The reaction performance of silica-alumina-based materials with different molar ratios of Si/Al,which were thermally activated,was also investigated.With the increase in calcining temperature,the coordination of Al in metakaolin becomes four,five,and six firstly,and then transforms completely to four ...     

Decarburization rate of RH refining for ultra low carbon steel

The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operating conditions.According to the apparent decarburization rate constant (KC) calculated by the carbon content in the samples taken from the hot melt in a ladle at an interval of 1-2 min,it is observed that the total decarburization reaction period in RH can be divided into the quick decarburization period and the stagnant decarburization period,which is quite different from the tradit...     

量纲分析法在土工模型试验中的应用

量纲分析对试验设计和试验结果的简明表达十分有用,有效的量纲分析可以产生一组无量纲成果.以地基承载力为例说明了Buckingham的π定理及Butterfield对其计算方法的改进.通过数值计算的方法对岸坡虹吸排水模型试验进行了分析,初步验证了量纲分析的成果,对模型试验的关键参数选取提出了一些建议.     

Similarity identification method on formational interfaces and application in general granite

An instrumented drilling system can be applied for the acquisition of drilling process parameters.The system can provide continuous and huge data for geotechnical engineering.However, due to the complexity of ground strata, the variation in the drilling parameters with stratigraphical characteristics is great and the correlation between likely comparable parameters is not high, which limits the use of conventional correlation approaches in this field.How to use the data for engineering and how to get a reasonable interpretation for the relationships among the drilling parameters, as well as between a drilling parameter and formational character-istics, become a technical choke point for the development and application of the instrumented drilling system.Based on similarity criteria, the extraction of sample data and characteristics, the pretreatment of data and feature matching algorithms have been ana-lyzed and an approach of slope coefficient searching identification has been established.A case study was carried out for the similar-ity between the rotational speed of the drill bit, flushing pressure, and effective thrust force graphics in general weathered granite.The result shows that the similarity coefficients between the rotational speed of the drill bit, flushing pressure, and effective thrust force are 0.72 and 0.83, respectively.Although there are differences between the distances of the graphics, the curves of both rota- tional speed and flushing pressure agree with the effective thrust curve in shape, which provides a possible method for the identifica- tion of various formations by use of the similarity between feature drilling parameters.     

Effects of welding wire composition and welding process on the weld metal toughness of submerged arc welded pipeline steel

The effects of alloying elements in welding wires and submerged arc welding process on the microstructures and low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals have been investigated.The results indicate that the optimal contents of alloying elements in welding wires can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals because the proentectoid ferrite and bainite formations can be suppressed,and the fraction of acicular ferrite increases.However,the contents of alloying elements need to vary along with the welding heat input.With the increase in welding heat input,the contents of alloying elements in welding wires need to be increased accordingly.The microstructures mainly consisting of acicular ferrite can be obtained in weld metals after four-wire submerged arc welding using the wires with a low carbon content and appropriate contents of Mn,Mo,Ti-B,Cu,Ni,and RE,resulting in the high low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals.     

Evolution of carbides and carbon content in matrix of an ultra-high carbon sintered steel during heat treatment process

DTA, thermal expansion, XRD, and SEM were used to evaluate the effect of quenching temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of a novel sintered steel Fe-6Co-1Ni-5Cr-5Mo-1C. Lattice parameters and the mass fraction of carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel quenched were investigated. It is discovered that the hardness of the steel increases with quench-ing temperature in the range of 840-900℃ and remains constant in the range of 900 to 1100℃. It decreases rapidly when the tem-perature is higher than 1100℃. The mass fraction of carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel quenched at 840℃ is 0.38, but when the quenching temperature is increased to 1150℃, it increases to 0.98. The carbides formed during sintering are still present at grain boundaries and in the matrix of the steel quenched at low quenching temperatures, such as 840℃. When the quenching temperature is increased to 1150℃, most of the carbides at grain boundaries are dissolved with just a small amount of spherical M23C6 existing in the matrix of the quenched steel.