Non-destructive evaluation of ripening and quality traits in apples using a multiparametric fluorescence sensor

BACKGROUND: The detection of pigments and colourless flavonoids in apples can provide a useful indication of fruit quality. Optical methods are preferable because they are fast and non‐destructive. In this study, a fluorescence‐based portable sensor was used in order to non‐invasively determine the content of chlorophylls, anthocyanins and flavonols in Fuji, Granny Smith and Golden Delicious apple cultivars. The aim was to define new non‐destructive optical indices of apple quality. RESULTS: The anthocyanin index (ANTH) in Fuji was higher in the sunny (i.e. sun‐exposed) side of the fruit compared to the shady side. For all cultivars, the flavonol index (FLAV) was higher in the sunny side compared with the shady side. The chlorophyll index (CHL) for the shady sides of Granny Smith and Golden Delicious was significantly higher than for the sunny sides. Fine linear regressions were found between the ANTH, FLAV and CHL indices and the actual anthocyanin, flavonol and chlorophyll concentrations, respectively, which were determined destructively on the apple peel extracts. A negative correlation was found between the apple sugar content and the chlorophyll fluorescence in the far‐red spectral band. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a single multiparametric fluorescence‐based sensor can provide valuable non‐destructive markers of ripening and quality in apples. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于FEM-SVM的大坝可靠度分析方法

为解决复杂大坝可靠度分析计算时难以求得显示的功能函数和传统随机有限元计算时间长、工作量大等问题,提出将有限元(FEM)、支持向量机(SVM)和Monte-Carlo法相结合的可靠度分析方法,即采用正交试验设计具有代表性的样本点,通过有限元计算生成学习样本,利用支持向量机具有解决高度非线性、小样本问题的能力,建立结构响应量和输入变量的映射关系,再利用Monte-Carlo法,结合输入变量的概率分布生成随机样本进行结构可靠度计算。实例计算表明,FEM-SVM分析方法具有较好的精度,同时大幅减少了计算时长和工作量。     

长短叶片混流式水轮机水力性能预测精度验证及改进

针对长短叶片混流式水轮机选择不同湍流模型、各部件网格划分方案对流量、转矩、效率预测相对偏差值较大、预测精度较低问题,利用ICEM CFD划分软件对各工况(小流量、设计流量、大流量)下的水轮机全流道及其过流部件(蜗壳及导叶、转轮、尾水管)各划分出4种网格分配方案,采用收敛较快的S-A模型初步预测了水轮机的水力效率与所划分的网格规模无关,进而选择方案3分析水轮机的水力性能;选取S-A模型、标准κ-ε模型、RNGκ-ε模型、标准κ-ω模型、SSTκ-ω模型5种湍流模型计算了流量、转矩、水力效率的预测值,发现各模型预测的水力效率预测精度较高,但流量及转矩的预测精度偏低。为此,重新划分过流部件网格规模,并再划分出5种网格方案,仍采用S-A湍流模型进行初步分析,发现虽可提高流量及转矩的预测精度,但提升幅度有限;进而采用RNGκ-ε、SSTκ-ω模型、Realizableκ-ε模型、RSM模型预测流量及转矩,可进一步提高流量、转矩的预测精度,但仍低于效率的预测精度。所提出的预测方法可为水力机械设计和性能优化提供重要参考。     

产品结构工艺性评价方法

产品结构工艺性评价是降低产品制造成本,提高产品质量,实施并行设计(CE)的核心环节。介绍产品结构工艺性评价的含义、作用,并对基于工程计算评价法基础上的定量评价和基于工程目测评价基础上的定性评价进行综述。     

孟加拉硫磷项目完成工程设计

孟加拉侯赛化学有限公司(HCCL)150kt/a粒状普钙(GSSP)工程是由南化集团设计院和中国化工建设总公司共同承包的化肥交钥匙工程.该工程包括60kt/a硫磺制酸及150kt/a粒状普钙,硫酸工艺采用快速熔硫、自然沉降和"3+1”两转两吸工艺,普钙采用湿磨磷矿、磷矿浆混化、皮带化沉、造粒和干燥工艺.中方主要负责工程的设计,主要设备、材料的采购,设备安装和开车指导;外方负责工程的土建设计,施工及设备、材料的安装工作.工程造价约406万美元(不含外方负责工作费用).目前,已完成工程的详细设计和主要设备的采购,预计工程将于2002年8月完工投产,工程建成后,可极大缓解该国的化肥紧缺状况. (南化集团设计院邱世庭)     

降低轧棉和纺纱工序中杂质的模块化解决方案

杂质分离器是一种有效的降低纤维杂质的工具。搭配几种灵敏感应器模块的系统能有效地检测和去除几类杂质。这样的系统也可成功地用于轧棉工序。     

Defects in CVDZnS

Defects seriously influence the optical properties and mechanical properties of CVDZnS.The deposition technique was introduced and experiment methods such as SEM,TEM and OM were adopted to study the defects:hexagonal phase,abnormally large grains,micro-cracks,micro-pores and impurities.The microstructures of these defects were observed,and the formation mechanisms of these defects were analyzed.Hexagonal ZnS as an impurity causes anisotropy in different directions with different refraction indexes and increases the scattering of CVDZnS.Increasing the deposition temperature can inhibit the formation of the hexagonal phase.The main reason for the growth of abnormally large grains in CVDZnS is high deposition rate.The lower deposition temperature increases growth stress in CVDZnS,which consequently results in the bowing of CVDZnS plates,and introduces microscopic defects such as grain blending and micro-cracks in the crystal.Micro-pores and impurities are induced by high reactant concentration in the local deposition chamber,which can be avoided by improving the gas flowing so as to make the concentration more uniform.     

巴勒体育馆

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制水花园的神秘故事

项目地点:西班牙塞埃欣项目类型:景观设计开工日期:2005年12月该项目获2005年豪瑞可持续建筑大奖赛欧洲地区提名奖