Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cr Layers Studied by Monte Carlo Simulations

The magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic Fe/Cr layers have been studied using Monte Carlo simulations within the Ising model framework. The considered Hamiltonian includes the exchange interactions between Cr–Cr, Fe–Fe and Cr–Fe and the external magnetic field. The thermal magnetizations of Fe/Cr layers are computed for a fixed size. The critical temperature is deduced. In addition, the magnetizations versus the external magnetic field are also established.     

New results on Magnetic Properties of Tin-Ferrite Nanoparticles

This paper presents new physical properties of nanocrystalline SnFe₂O₄ ferrites, synthesized by co-precipitation method. Magnetization measurement indicates superparamagnetic behavior; the blocking temperature is about 300?K. We performed X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible measurement, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC)/field-cooled (FC) measurements. TEM images show the high crystallinity and grain size of ferrite nanocrystals. The refinement result showed that the type of the cationic distribution over the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the nanocrystalline lattice is a partially inverse spinel. The obtained UV?Cvis data were used to calculate the energy band gap (3.82?eV) of nanocrystalline SnFe₂O₄. On the other hand the magnetic properties of the samples; saturation magnetization (M _s ) and coercive field (H _c ) were determined using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).     

Subsampling-based HMC parameter estimation with application to large datasets classification

This paper presents a contextual algorithm for the approximation of Baum’s forward and backward probabilities, which are extensively used in the framework of Hidden Markov chain models for parameter estimation. The method differs from the original algorithm by taking into account only a neighborhood of limited length and not all the data in the chain for computations. It then becomes possible to propose a bootstrap subsampling strategy for the computation of forward and backward probabilities, which greatly reduces computation time and memory saving required for EM-based parameter estimation. Comparative experiments regarding the neighborhood size and the bootstrap sample size are conducted by mean of unsupervised classification error rates. Practical interest of such an algorithm is then illustrated through the segmentation of large-size images; classification results confirm the validity and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm while greatly reducing computation and memory requirements.     

Electronic structure and magnetic studies of V-doped ZnO: <Emphasis Type=BoldItalic>ab initio</Emphasis> and experimental investigations

In this study, the electronic structure of V-doped ZnO system is studied by means of density functional theory. Different concentrations of V and rising of Fermi level increase the relative occupation of majority/minority spin of 3d state and also induce strong spin-splitting. The existence of three different states of V spin moment has been confirmed and is found to be concentration dependent. We found that O p-orbitals are responsible for the origin of the magnetic moment. Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida mechanism and the atomic spin polarization of V are the key factors for the appearance of ferromagnetism in V-doped ZnO system. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, where both crystallite size and lattice parameters vary with V content. Magnetic measurements at room temperature confirm the ferromagnetic behaviour of V-doped ZnO system.     

Cation Distribution and Magnetic Interactions in Zn-Substituted Fe(Cu)Fe2O4 Ferrites

The effect of Zn doping on magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ and CuFe₂O₄ ferrite spinels has been studied. The general expression of saturation magnetization, the critical temperature and Curie constant (C) are obtained by the mean field theory (MFT). By considering the high-temperature series expansions (HTSE) theory and the mean field approximation for the Néel??s two-sublattice noncollinear model, we obtained the magnetic phase diagrams of Zn _x Fe_1?x Fe₂O₄, and Zn _x Cu_1?x Fe₂O₄. The Bohr magnetron is obtained for two systems. The central critical exponent ?? associated with magnetic susceptibility for two systems is obtained.     

A Comparative First-Principles Study of Fe-, Co- and FeCo-Doped ZnO with Wurtzite and Zinc Blende Structures

First-principles study of the electronic and magnetic properties of zinc-blende and wurtzite structures of Fe-, Co-, and FeCo-doped ZnO is presented. It is found that after doping, this diamagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic and half-metallic. It is also shown that the half-metallicity may be obtained for ZnFeO, ZnCoO, and ZnFeCoO. The analysis of the spin density reveals that the ferromagnetic phase is due to the ferromagnetic coupling between the p?Cd states. The effects of Fe on the magnetic properties of ZB and WZ Fe-doped ZnO compound have been investigated with the GGA calculations. In order to understand the role of Fe atom in the ferromagnetism, the density of states both in the presence and absence of Co doping, were calculated. The obtained results show the presence of coupling between Co and Fe atoms through the spin-split impurity band exchange mechanism. More importantly, the calculations show that the magnetic moment changes sensitively with the type of structure of ZnO, zinc-blende, or wurtzite. A discussion by comparing the results obtained in this study and the experimental results reported in the literature of similar systems show a very good agreement.     

High temperature magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Sn0∙95Co0∙05O2

Structural and magnetic properties of Sn_0?95Co_0?05O₂ nanocrystalline and diluted magnetic semiconductors have been investigated. This sample has been synthesized by co-precipitation route. Study of magnetization hysteresis loop measurements infer that the sample of Sn_0?95Co_0?05O₂ nanoparticle shows a well-defined hysteresis loop at 300 K temperature, which reflects its ferromagnetic behaviour. We confirmed the roomtemperature intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors by ab initio calculation, using the theory of the functional of density (DFT) by employing the method of Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (KKR) as well as coherent potential approximation (CPA, explain the disorder effect) to systems. The ferromagnetic state energy was calculated and compared with the local-moment-disordered (LMD) state energy for local density approximation (LDA) and LDA–SIC approximation. Mechanism of hybridization and interaction between magnetic ions in Sn_0?95Co_0?05O₂ is also investigated. To explain the origin of ferromagnetic behaviour, we give information about total and atoms projected density of state functions.     

Magnetic Properties of SrO Doped with 3d Transition Metals

Based on the density functional theory and using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) method, we study the (Sr, TM)O doped systems where TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni atoms. In particular, we start first by relaxing the parameters of the corresponding structures. Then we discuss its electronic structures, magnetic stabilities, and half-metal properties using 3d transition metals. Among others, it has been shown that doping with Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co, the ferromagnetic phase can be stabilized using a double exchange mechanism. Moreover, we find that the half-metallic properties of these compounds are formed due to a large exchange splitting and the delocalized properties of the majority spin e _g state and the minority spin t _eg states.     

Effect of Grain Size on Magnetic Properties of ZnO Doped with Nickel Single Impurities

The purpose of our study is to find a suitable material to be used in spintronic applications and to find the relation between the parameters of deposition by spray pyrolysis technic (temperature, concentration of Ni doping) and the ferromagnetic properties (Curie temperature, magnetic moment). The nickel-doped zinc oxide, Zn.1?x.NixO (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05), and diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) are synthesized by the spray pyrolysis technic. The results of The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of prepared substrates confirm the incorporation of the dopants into the ZnO lattice structure. The spin-polarized electronic properties has been found and was investigated in detail by using the density-functional theory (DFT), the local density approximation (LDA), and The Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA). As result, nickel doping brings up a half-metallic appearance due to the hybridization between the 3d state of Nickel impurities and the oxygen 2p state. The mechanism of the interatomic exchange has been explained as being a p-d double exchange.