Glass is an ideal substrate material to enable 2.5D and 3D packaging of ICs at low cost and high performance. However, it is a brittle material and is prone to failures during fabrication and operation. Large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between copper and glass leads to thermomechanical stresses that can lead to glass cracking and delamination from glass interfaces. This paper focuses on modeling and reliability characterization of copper-plated through-package-vias (TPV) in glass packages. Thermomechanical simulations were carried out to obtain design guidelines for reliable TPVs in glass. Test-vehicles with different glass thicknesses and copper TPV fabrication conditions were fabricated for thermal cycling tests, resistance monitoring and failure analysis. The reliability characterization results showed good thermomechanical reliability of TPVs in ultra-thin glass panels. 相似文献
In this paper, we introduce new sets of 2D and 3D rotation, scaling and translation invariants based on orthogonal radial Racah moments. We also provide theoretical mathematics to derive them. Thus, this work proposes in the first case a new 2D radial Racah moments based on polar representation of an object by one-dimensional orthogonal discrete Racah polynomials on non-uniform lattice, and a circular function. In the second case, we present new 3D radial Racah moments using a spherical representation of volumetric image by one-dimensional orthogonal discrete Racah polynomials and a spherical function. Further 2D and 3D invariants are extracted from the proposed 2D and 3D radial Racah moments respectively will appear in the third case. To validate the proposed approach, we have resolved three problems. The 2D/ 3D image reconstruction, the invariance of 2D/3D rotation, scaling and translation, and the pattern recognition. The result of experiments show that the Racah moments have done better than the Krawtchouk moments, with and without noise. Simultaneously, the mentioned reconstruction converges rapidly to the original image using 2D and 3D radial Racah moments, and the test 2D/3D images are clearly recognized from a set of images that are available in COIL-20 database for 2D image, and PSB database for 3D image. 相似文献
The study on heat transport in composites is of fundamental importance in engineering design and for tailoring thermal and mechanical behaviour of materials. In this study, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of flax reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were determined at room temperature. Chemical modification in the form of a biodegradable zein coating was applied to the flax nonwovens. The effect of fibre loading and chemical modification on the thermo-physical properties was investigated. Dielectric permittivity studies were also evaluated and the dielectric constant of fibre reinforced composites was found to be higher than that of PP. The heat flow and crystallinity effects of the composites were also determined by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies. Zein modification of the flax fibres resulted in a decrease of thermal conductivity and diffusivity which was attributed to a decrease in velocity and mean free path of phonons due to increase in interfacial adhesion. 相似文献
Thermodynamic properties of the mixed aqueous electrolyte systems of the lithium and cesium chlorides and sodium and cesium chlorides have been studied by the hygrometric method at 298.15 K. The water activities of these systems were measured at total molalities from 0.3 mol kg−1 to saturation for different ionic strength fractions y of CsCl for the systems CsCl–LiCl(aq) and CsCl–NaCl(aq) with y=0.33, 0.50 and 0.67. The results allow the deduction of osmotic coefficients. The experimental results are compared with calculations made using the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR), Kusik and Meissner (KM), Robinson and Stokes (RS), Lietzke and Stoughton (LSII), Reilly, Wood and Robinson (RWR) rules, and the Pitzer model. From these measurements, the Pitzer mixing ionic parameters are determined and used to obtain the solute activity coefficients of the mixture for different ionic strength fractions y. 相似文献
Mobile Networks and Applications - With the rapid development in wireless technologies and the Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned to be an integral part of our daily lives.... 相似文献
Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper proposes a new appearance model for human tracking based on Mean Shift framework. The proposed method uses a novel target representation by using... 相似文献
In this work, we propose new sets of 2D and 3D rotation invariants based on orthogonal radial dual Hahn moments, which are orthogonal on a non-uniform lattice. We also present theoretical mathematics to derive them. Thus, this paper presents in the first case new 2D radial dual Hahn moments based on polar representation of an image by one-dimensional orthogonal discrete dual Hahn polynomials and a circular function. The dual Hahn polynomials are general case of Tchebichef and Krawtchouk polynomials. In the second case, we introduce new 3D radial dual Hahn moments employing a spherical representation of volumetric image by one-dimensional orthogonal discrete dual Hahn polynomials and a spherical function, which are orthogonal on a non-uniform lattice. The 2D and 3D rotational invariants are extracts from the proposed 2D and 3D radial dual Hahn moments respectively. In order to test the proposed approach, three problems namely image reconstruction, rotational invariance and pattern recognition are attempted using the proposed moments. The result of experiments shows that the radial dual Hahn moments have performed better than the radial Tchebichef and Krawtchouk moments, with and without noise. Simultaneously, the mentioned reconstruction converges quickly to the original image using 2D and 3D radial dual Hahn moments, and the test images are clearly recognized from a set of images that are available in COIL-20 database for 2D image and PSB database for 3D image.