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121.
确保粮食安全和环境可持续发展的水土资源利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要讨论灌溉农业所面临的挑战.随着人均可用水量的不断下降,灌溉农业必须提高水资源利用效率,同时进一步采用有利于环境的经营和管理方式.灌溉界面临的压力是如何通过提高作物产量和用水效率来实现生产率的最大化.今后的发展方向是以更加高效率、有成效的方式利用水资源,而实现从"提高每滴水的粮食产量"向"少用水,多产粮"的转变,则有助于该目标的实现.为了尽可能减小外在因素的影响,将来的努力方向是在全面性和整体性上下工夫. 相似文献
122.
Rahim Airee Afiq Abd Abdullah Shahrum Singh Salvinder Singh Karam Nuawi Mohammad Zaki 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2020,34(1):137-142
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - This paper discusses the determination of the optimum decomposition level by using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method for an automobile... 相似文献
123.
Chinmay Rao Asok Ray Soumik Sarkar Murat Yasar 《Signal, Image and Video Processing》2009,3(2):101-114
Symbolic dynamic filtering (SDF) has been recently reported in literature as a pattern recognition tool for early detection
of anomalies (i.e., deviations from the nominal behavior) in complex dynamical systems. This paper presents a review of SDF
and its performance evaluation relative to other classes of pattern recognition tools, such as Bayesian Filters and Artificial
Neural Networks, from the perspectives of: (i) anomaly detection capability, (ii) decision making for failure mitigation and
(iii) computational efficiency. The evaluation is based on analysis of time series data generated from a nonlinear active
electronic system.
This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No.
W911NF-07-1-0376, by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-08-1-380, and by NASA under Cooperative Agreement
No. NNX07AK49A. 相似文献
124.
Tetsuya Araki Yasuyuki Sagara Kamaruddin Abdullah Armansyah H. Tambunan 《Drying Technology》2001,19(2):297-312
The samples of sliced and mashed apples were freeze-dried by controlling their surface temperatures over the usual pressure range of commercial operations. The surface of sliced samples could not be maintained at above 10°C in order to prevent the frozen layer from melting, while that of mashed samples was allowed to heat up to 70°C.
Thermal conductivities and permeabilities were determined by applying the uniformly-retreating-ice front model to the dried layer of the samples undergoing freeze-drying. The values of permeability for the mashed samples were found to depend on the ice-crystallization time during freezing. The results indicated that the drying rate of sliced samples was limited by the transfer rate of water vapor flowing through the dried layer. A cellular structural model is proposed for predicting the permeability of the dried layer, based on the resistance of the cell membrane to molecular transfer of water vapor. 相似文献
Thermal conductivities and permeabilities were determined by applying the uniformly-retreating-ice front model to the dried layer of the samples undergoing freeze-drying. The values of permeability for the mashed samples were found to depend on the ice-crystallization time during freezing. The results indicated that the drying rate of sliced samples was limited by the transfer rate of water vapor flowing through the dried layer. A cellular structural model is proposed for predicting the permeability of the dried layer, based on the resistance of the cell membrane to molecular transfer of water vapor. 相似文献
125.
Abdulselam Ertas Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz Mehmet Boga Nesrin Hasimi Yeter Yesil Ahmet C. Goren 《International Journal of Food Properties》2016,19(1):124-138
The objectives of this study were to define the phenolic and fatty acid profiles, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of Lycopsis orientalis and Tragopogon latifolius var. angustifolius which have been used as food source and food supplement in Anatolia and have never been examined before. Rosmarinic and quinic acids (21.11 and 11.46 mg g–1 extract, respectively) were found to be the most abundant constituents in L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius among the studied 27 compounds by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the fatty acid compositions of L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius that were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, oleic (29.1%) and palmitic (28.7%) acids were identified as the major components, respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of L. orientalis shows parallelism to its rosmarinic acid content. Besides, this extract showed medium anticholinesterase activity. The results of the present study proves that the L. orientalis might also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and strong antioxidant property. 相似文献
126.
A constrained model predictive control (MPC) is designed to regulate the air flow rate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Oxygen excess ratio, compressor flow rate and supply manifold pressure are constrained to avoid oxygen starvation, surge and choke phenomena. This is achieved by manipulating compressor voltage and stack current. The choice of the manipulated input to satisfy a constraint is investigated. Surge and choke avoidance is successful, when compressor voltage is manipulated. When stack current is utilized to satisfy surge and choke constraints, a large unrealistic current is needed. Oxygen starvation is successfully avoided utilizing stack current, while compressor voltage manipulation fails to prevent oxygen starvation. Thus, a current governor is implemented to handle oxygen starvation, while the compressor voltage is constrained to avoid surge and choke. Quadratic programming optimization, Laguerre and exponential weight function are employed to reduce the computational burden of the controller. The simulation results prove that the proposed controller managed to satisfy all constraints without any conflict. 相似文献
127.
128.
The authors developed a two-dimensional one-temperature chemical non-equilibrium (1T-NCE) model of Ar-CO2-H2 inductively coupled thermal plasmas (ICTP) to investigate the effect of pressure variation. The basic concept of one-temperature model is the assumption and treatment of the same energy conservation equation for electrons and heavy particles. The energy conservation equations consider reaction heat effects and energy transfer among the species produced as well as enthalpy flow resulting from diffusion. Assuming twenty two (22) different particles in this model and by solving mass conservation equations for each particle, considering diffusion, convection and net production terms resulting from hundred and ninety eight (198) chemical reactions, chemical non-equilibrium effects were taken into account. Transport and thermodynamic properties of Ar-CO2-H2 thermal plasmas were self-consistently calculated using the first-order approximation of the Chapman-Enskog method. Finally results obtained at atmospheric pressure (760 Torr) and at reduced pressure (500, 300 Torr) were compared with results from one-temperature chemical equilibrium (1T-CE) model. And of course, this comparison supported discussion of chemical non-equilibrium effects in the inductively coupled thermal plasmas (ICTP). 相似文献
129.
Khalid S. M. El Karsani Ghaithan A. Al‐Muntasheri Abdullah S. Sultan Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(23)
Polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives are the most commonly used polymers in the preparation of polymeric gels for water control in petroleum reservoirs. This study involved the use of polyethylenimine (PEI) as a crosslinker for PAM. In this study, we investigated PAM alkaline hydrolysis at high temperatures. The effects of salts [sodium chloride (NaCl) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)] on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of PAM were investigated. These salts were used as retarders to elongate the gelation time of the PAM/PEI system. The data obtained from 13C‐NMR was used to understand the retardation mechanisms by salts. We found that NH4Cl accelerated the extent of hydrolysis more in comparison with NaCl. Moreover, the apparent viscosity of the hydrolyzed samples was measured. PAM hydrolysis in the presence of NH4Cl resulted in a lower solution viscosity than that in the presence of NaCl. Therefore, NH4Cl was more effective in shielding negative charges on the carboxylate groups of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) chain. NaCl and NH4Cl were compatible with the PHPA/PEI system, but sodium carbonate showed a white precipitate. In addition, high‐temperature/high‐pressure elastic modulus data were reported for the first time for this system. Differential scanning calorimetry was coupled with rheology to explain the PAM/PEI crosslinking in the presence of salts. Models were developed to assess the impact of the salts on the PAM DH and the induction period before gelation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41185. 相似文献
130.
Yasar Islamoglu 《传热工程》2013,34(4):073-076
Abstract In the present study, the ability of an artificial neural network model to evaluate the thermal performance of a cooling tower, which used in the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning industries to reject heat to the atmosphere, is examined. The network is trained with the following experimental values: the ratio of the water mass flow rate to air mass flow rate, the inlet water temperature, and the outlet water temperature, and the inlet air wet-bulb temperature are selected as input variables, while the output is the coefficient of performance. It is concluded that a well-trained neural network provides fast, accurate, and consistent results, making it an easy-to use tool for preliminary engineering studies. 相似文献