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41.
The axisymmetric crack problem in a non-homogeneous interfacial region between homogeneous half-spaces 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper, the axisymmetric crack problem in a non-homogeneous interfacial region between two homogeneous half-spaces is considered. It is assumed that the shear modulus varies continuously between that of the two half-spaces; and the shear modulus for the interface region is approximated by = 0 emz. By using Hankel transform technique the problem is reduced to a pair of singular integral equations. The solutions of the problem are obtained for different material combinations and loading conditions; and modes I and II stress intensity factors, and the direction of a probable crack growth are calculated. 相似文献
42.
Raimund Kirner Jens Knoop Adrian Prantl Markus Schordan Albrecht Kadlec 《Software and Systems Modeling》2011,10(3):411-437
Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis is concerned with computing a precise-as-possible bound for the maximum time the execution of a program can
take. This information is indispensable for developing safety-critical real-time systems, e. g., in the avionics and automotive
fields. Starting with the initial works of Chen, Mok, Puschner, Shaw, and others in the mid and late 1980s, WCET analysis
turned into a well-established and vibrant field of research and development in academia and industry. The increasing number
and diversity of hardware and software platforms and the ongoing rapid technological advancement became drivers for the development
of a wide array of distinct methods and tools for WCET analysis. The precision, generality, and efficiency of these methods
and tools depend much on the expressiveness and usability of the annotation languages that are used to describe feasible and infeasible program paths. In this article we survey the annotation languages which
we consider formative for the field. By investigating and comparing their individual strengths and limitations with respect
to a set of pivotal criteria, we provide a coherent overview of the state of the art. Identifying open issues, we encourage
further research. This way, our approach is orthogonal and complementary to a recent approach of Wilhelm et al. who provide
a thorough survey of WCET analysis methods and tools that have been developed and used in academia and industry. 相似文献
43.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is viewed as a technology that improves supply chain efficiency by enhancing inventory
efficiency, optimizing logistics, and coordinating the flow of materials. Although RFID has gained great attention in many
business applications, the financial gain that accrues over time from RFID adoption is not well understood. We examine the
effects of RFID on firm profits while adjusting for self-selection of adoption choice. We find that firms self-select into
a certain adoption mode on the basis of their organizational characteristics. Our results also show that RFID confers significant
benefits for firms that have adopted RFID. Interestingly, improved inventory ratio and sales efficiency begin to play a greater
role in shaping higher profitability over time for firms that have adopted RFID possibly due to time-consuming processes for
them to reap the benefits from RFID. However, we find that the values of RFID that accrue to firms are not universal across
firm. That is, our results suggest that RFID confers a significant value for certain firms while it does not for other firms
with unobservable disadvantages. In sum, our study sheds new light on what drives firms to adopt RFID and on which firms achieve
higher financial performance in a post-adoption period as a result of RFID adoption. 相似文献
44.
Dan Selişteanu Monica Roman Dorin Şendrescu 《Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory》2010,18(9):1297-1313
This paper deals with the problem of modelling and on-line estimation of kinetics for a biomethanation process. This bioprocess is in fact a wastewater biodegradation process with production of methane gas, which takes place inside a Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactor. The reaction scheme and the analysis of biochemical phenomena inside the bioreactor are used in order to obtain a nonlinear dynamic model of the bioprocess, by means of the pseudo Bond Graph method. Two nonlinear estimation strategies are developed for the identification of unknown kinetics of the bioprocess. First, an estimator is developed by using a state observer based technique. Second, an observer based on high-gain approach is designed and implemented. Several numerical simulations are performed in order to analyse and compare the behaviour and the performance of the proposed estimators. 相似文献
45.
46.
In this paper, an automatic diagnosis system for diabetes on Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Morlet Wavelet Support Vector Machine Classifier: LDA–MWSVM is introduced. The structure of this automatic system based on LDA-MWSVM for the diagnosis of diabetes is composed of three stages: The feature extraction and feature reduction stage by using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method and the classification stage by using Morlet Wavelet Support Vector Machine (MWSVM) classifier stage. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used to separate features variables between healthy and patient (diabetes) data in the first stage. The healthy and patient (diabetes) features obtained in the first stage are given to inputs of the MWSVM classifier in the second stage. Finally, in the third stage, the correct diagnosis performance of this automatic system based on LDA–MWSVM for the diagnosis of diabetes is calculated by using sensitivity and specificity analysis, classification accuracy, and confusion matrix, respectively. The classification accuracy of this system was obtained at about 89.74%. 相似文献
47.
Adrian Fernandez Emilio Insfran Silvia Abrahão 《Information and Software Technology》2011,53(8):789-817
Context
In recent years, many usability evaluation methods (UEMs) have been employed to evaluate Web applications. However, many of these applications still do not meet most customers’ usability expectations and many companies have folded as a result of not considering Web usability issues. No studies currently exist with regard to either the use of usability evaluation methods for the Web or the benefits they bring.Objective
The objective of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge that is available as regards the usability evaluation methods (UEMs) that have been employed to evaluate Web applications over the last 14 years.Method
A systematic mapping study was performed to assess the UEMs that have been used by researchers to evaluate Web applications and their relation to the Web development process. Systematic mapping studies are useful for categorizing and summarizing the existing information concerning a research question in an unbiased manner.Results
The results show that around 39% of the papers reviewed reported the use of evaluation methods that had been specifically crafted for the Web. The results also show that the type of method most widely used was that of User Testing. The results identify several research gaps, such as the fact that around 90% of the studies applied evaluations during the implementation phase of the Web application development, which is the most costly phase in which to perform changes. A list of the UEMs that were found is also provided in order to guide novice usability practitioners.Conclusions
From an initial set of 2703 papers, a total of 206 research papers were selected for the mapping study. The results obtained allowed us to reach conclusions concerning the state-of-the-art of UEMs for evaluating Web applications. This allowed us to identify several research gaps, which subsequently provided us with a framework in which new research activities can be more appropriately positioned, and from which useful information for novice usability practitioners can be extracted. 相似文献48.
Chvátal-Gomory cuts are among the most well-known classes of cutting planes for general integer linear programs (ILPs). In
case the constraint multipliers are either 0 or
, such cuts are known as
-cuts. It has been proven by Caprara and Fischetti (Math. Program. 74:221–235, 1996) that separation of
-cuts is
-hard.
In this paper, we study ways to separate
-cuts effectively in practice. We propose a range of preprocessing rules to reduce the size of the separation problem. The
core of the preprocessing builds a Gaussian elimination-like procedure. To separate the most violated
-cut, we formulate the (reduced) problem as integer linear program. Some simple heuristic separation routines complete the
algorithmic framework.
Computational experiments on benchmark instances show that the combination of preprocessing with exact and/or heuristic separation
is a very vital idea to generate strong generic cutting planes for integer linear programs and to reduce the overall computation
times of state-of-the-art ILP-solvers. 相似文献
49.
Guy Redding Marlon Dumas Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede Adrian Iordachescu 《Service Oriented Computing and Applications》2010,4(3):191-201
Mainstream business process modelling techniques often promote a design paradigm wherein the activities that may be performed
within a case, together with their usual execution order, form the backbone on top of which other aspects are anchored. This
Fordist paradigm, while effective in standardised and production-oriented domains, breaks when confronted with processes in
which case-by-case variations and exceptions are the norm. We contend that the effective design of flexible processes calls
for a substantially different modelling paradigm. Motivated by requirements from the human services domain, we explore the
hypothesis that a framework consisting of a small set of coordination concepts, combined with established object-oriented
modelling principles, provides a suitable foundation for designing highly flexible processes. Several human service delivery
processes have been designed using this framework, and the resulting models have been used to realise a system to support
these processes in a pilot environment. 相似文献
50.
This paper constructs multirate linear multistep time discretizations based on Adams-Bashforth methods. These methods are
aimed at solving conservation laws and allow different timesteps to be used in different parts of the spatial domain. The
proposed family of discretizations is second order accurate in time and has conservation and linear and nonlinear stability
properties under local CFL conditions. Multirate timestepping avoids the necessity to take small global timesteps—restricted
by the largest value of the Courant number on the grid—and therefore results in more efficient computations. Numerical results
obtained for the advection and Burgers’ equations confirm the theoretical findings.
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through award NSF CCF-0515170. 相似文献