Controllability and Observability of Parallel Magnetic Suspension Systems

The controllability and observability of parallel magnetic suspension systems are investigated analytically. A parallel magnetic suspension system has multiple floators and electromagnets driven by a single amplifier. In this paper, the multiplicity is set to an arbitrary counting number n. Parallel systems are classified into four types based on the output of the power amplifier and the connection of the coils. This paper treats three of them: current‐controlled with series‐connected coils; voltage‐controlled with series‐connected coils; and voltage‐controlled with parallel‐connected coils. The conditions of controllability and observability of each system are clarified. The feasibility of parallel magnetic suspension is demonstrated by simulations and experiments.     

Commercialization of Micro-fabrication of Antenna-Coupled Transition Edge Sensor Bolometer Detectors for Studies of the Cosmic Microwave Background

We report on the development of commercially fabricated multichroic antenna-coupled transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry experiments. CMB polarimetry experiments have deployed instruments in stages. Stage II experiments deployed with O(1000) detectors and reported successful detection of B-mode (divergence-free) polarization pattern in the CMB. Stage III experiments have recently started observing with O(10,000) detectors with wider frequency coverage. A concept for a stage IV experiment, CMB-S4, is emerging to make a definitive measurement of CMB polarization from the ground with O(400,000) detectors. The orders of magnitude increase in detector count for CMB-S4 require a new approach in detector fabrication to increase fabrication throughput and reduce the cost. We report on collaborative efforts with two commercial micro-fabrication foundries to fabricate antenna-coupled TES bolometer detectors. The detector design is based on the sinuous antenna-coupled dichroic detector from the POLARBEAR-2 experiment. The TES bolometers showed the expected I–V response, and the RF performance agrees with the simulation. We will discuss the motivation, design consideration, fabrication processes, test results, and how industrial detector fabrication could be a path to fabricate hundreds of detector wafers for future CMB polarimetry experiments.     

Human aldolase B: liver-specific properties of the isozyme depend on type B isozyme group-specific sequences

A series of chimeric enzymes between two human aldolases A,B or C were constructed to identify the molecular regions responsiblefor isozyme-specific functions. Chimeras constructed betweenaldolases A and B were AB34 (an AB chimera connected at position34), ABA34–306 and ABA212–306 (the ABA chimeras).Those between aldolases B and C are BC243, BC263 and BC306 (theBC chimeras connected at positions as indicated), as well asCB55, CB243, CB263 and CB306 (the CB chimeras connected at positionsas indicated), CBC55–263 (a CBC chimera), and BCB55–193,BCB55–306, BCB79–193 and BCB79–306 (the BCBchimeric enzymes). Through the analysis of the properties ofthese chimeras, it was found that for aldolase B, isozyme Bgroup-specific sequences (IGSs)-l and-4 were required for exertingtype B-specific functions, while the IGSs-2 and -3 enhanced,in collaboration with the IGS-1, the catalytic activity of aldolaseB. In addition, the /ß-barrel and the restricted stretches,which were not specified but occupied two distinct regions spanningthe amino acid positions 108–137 (designated connector1) and 243–306 (designated connector 2), were found tobe indispensable for showing full catalytic activity of aldolaseB.     

Development of small bulge fatigue testing technique using small disk‐type specimen

A new fatigue testing technique, the small bulge fatigue (SBF) test using a small disk‐type specimen with flat and concave surfaces, was developed in this study. In the technique, a cyclic oil pressure could be alternatively applied to both specimen surfaces at the frequency of 10 Hz. After some verification tests for the displacement and strain measurements, type 316 austenitic stainless steel specimens were subjected to a preliminary test using this newly developed testing technique. As a result, the SBF test results (S‐N curve) were in good agreement with those of conventional fatigue tests by defining fatigue life as the number of cycles to the sudden drop in oil pressure because of fracture.     

彩色激光打印纸的剖析与研制

剖析了一种彩色激光打印纸,并对其进行了试制。通过对彩色激光打印纸进行成分分析、电子显微镜观察,得出该纸用杨木漂白硫酸盐浆抄造。借助化学方法、红外光谱法对样纸及其灰分进行分析,得出该彩色打印纸中所加填料为碳酸钙,增强剂为淀粉,施胶方法为AKD中性施胶,并用PAE)作做其增效剂。依据对样纸分析所得出的结果,本文重点研究了以草浆为主,配抄部分商品针叶木浆、红麻全秆化学浆取代杨木浆来制造满足质量要求的新型彩色打印纸。抄纸工艺为:m[漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆(21°SR)]∶m[漂白烧碱苇浆(35°SR)]∶m[漂白硫酸盐红麻全秆浆(65°SR)]=20∶50∶30,CaCO3用量14%,淀粉用量1%,AKD用量0.5%,PAE用量0.8%。     

Hydrogen evolution from cathodically charged titanium aluminide alloy Ti–24Al–11Nb

A Ti₃Al-based titanium aluminide alloy, Ti–24Al–11Nb, was cathodically charged with hydrogen in a 5% H₂SO₄ aqueous solution for various charging times, and the formation and dissociation of the hydride, the hydrogen evolution behavior and the total hydrogen uptake were investigated mainly by means of X-ray diffractometry and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The same kind of hydride phase as observed previously in Ti–25Al alloy (hexagonal hydride) was presumably formed in the Ti–24Al–11Nb alloy after cathodic charging. No damage, such as cracks, was induced by hydrogen charging. Two kinds of TDS peaks, one probably corresponding to hydride dissociation and the other to hydrogen dissolution in the normal lattice site, were found after longer hydrogen charging. It is suggested that niobium addition to Ti₃Al-based titanium aluminide alloy may reduce hydrogen susceptibility during cathodic charging.     

Gellan sulfate selectively suppresses the activation of hemocoagulation factors XI and XII

In this study, gellan sulfate (GS), a novel anticoagulant, was prepared by mixing deacetylated gellan and the dimethylformamide/sulfur trioxide (DMF-SO3) complex; this complex was prepared by adding varying volumes of chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO₃H) to DMF. The anticoagulant properties of GS were measured by determining the coagulation time, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of normal whole blood samples and by analyzing the activation of hemocoagulation factors V, VIII, IX, X, and XII. We found that 0.04 mg/mL of GS with 40% sulfonation exhibits anticoagulant properties. GS selectively suppressed the activation of hemocoagulation factors XI and XII in the initial steps of the contact activation pathway. On the basis of our results, it can be concluded that the mechanism underlying the anticoagulation effects of GS was different from that of heparin. In addition, GS did not react with other hemocoagulation factors such as factors IX and X, and its activity was independent of antithrombin.