Ferrule-top atomic force microscope

Ferrule-top cantilevers are a new generation of all-optical miniaturized devices for utilization in liquids, harsh environments, and small volumes [G. Gruca et al., Meas. Sci. Technol. 21, 094033 (2010)]. They are obtained by carving the end of a ferruled fiber in the form of a mechanical beam. Light coupled from the opposite side of the fiber allows detection of cantilever deflections. In this paper, we demonstrate that ferrule-top cantilevers can be used to develop ultra compact AFMs for contact mode imaging in air and in liquids with sensitivity comparable to that of commercial AFMs. The probes do not require any alignment procedure and are easy to handle, favoring applications also outside research laboratories.     

WSA湿法制酸工艺中仪表问题分析

阐述了SO2转化器蒸汽出口管道蒸汽减温器的作用以及蒸汽喷射阀发生腐蚀的原因,通过优化设计满足生产需要,降低投资成本。     

An acidic ionic liquid-conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production process

A study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via two-step process using ionic liquid as first step catalyst due to the unsuitability of using the straight alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of high FFA presented in crude palm oil (CPO). In the first step, esterification of the FFA presented in the CPO was carried out using butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BIMHSO₄), in which the acid value was reduced from 6.93 to 1.02mg KOH/g and then, KOH-catalyzed transesterification was applied. The conversion rate of FFA attained 85.3% when 4.8 wt% of BIMHSO₄ was applied to the reaction system containing methanol to CPO ratio of 12: 1 reacted at 170 °C for 150min. The final yield in 97.3% revealed that the process proposed in this study could lead to an excellent biodiesel meeting the ASTM requirements. Furthermore, this new two-step catalysis process could solve the old conventional catalysis process drawbacks.     

Preparation of nanosize Pt clusters using ion exchange of Pt(NH3) 4 2+ inside mesoporous channel of MCM-41

Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 with a Si/Al ratio of 35 was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis using a gel mixture with a molar composition of 6 SiO₂0.1 Al₂O₃1 hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride 0.25 dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide 0.25 tetrapropylammonium bromide0.15 (NH₄)₂O1.5 Na₂O300 H₂O. The MCM-41 sample was calcined in O₂ flow at 813 K and subsequently ion exchanged with Ca²⁺. A small Pt cluster has been supported on the MCM-41 sample following a procedure using ion exchange of Pt(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ . The Pt(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ ion supported on MCM-41 has been activated in O₂ flow at 593 K and subsequently reduced with Fh flow at 573 K, in the same way used for the preparation of a Pt cluster entrapped inside the supercage of zeolite NaY. The resulting Pt cluster supported on the MCM-41 shows hydrogen chemisorption oftotal two H atoms per Pt at 296 K (based on the total amount of Pt) and high catalytic activity for hydrogenolysis of ethane. The chemical shift in¹²⁹Xe NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed xenon indicates that the Pt cluster is located inside the mesoporous molecular sieve.     

Molecular recognition of the Lewis Y antigen by monoclonal antibodies

The murine monoclonal antibody BR55-2 is directed against thetumor-associated antigen Lewis Y oligosaccharide. The LewisY core antigen is a difucosylated structure consisting of fourhexose units. Analysis of binding profiles of lactoseries isomericstructures by BR55–2 suggest that the binding epitopeincludes the OH-4 and OH-3 groups of the ß-D-galactoseunit, the 6-CH₃ groups of the two fucose units and the N-acetylgroup of the subterminal ß-D-N-acetylglucosamine (ßDGlcNAc).To elucidate the molecular recognition properties of BR55–2for the Y antigen, BR55–2 was cloned, sequenced and itsthree-dimensional structure was examined by molecular modeling.The crystal structure of BR96, another anti-Lewis Y antibody,solved in complex with a nonoate methyl ester Lewis Y tetrasaccharide,and the lectin IV protein in complex with a Lewis b tetrasaccharidecore were used as a guide to probe the molecular basis for BR55–2antigen recognition and specificity. Our modeling study showsthat BR55–2 shares similar recognition features for thedifucosylated type 2 lactoseries Lewis Y structure observedin the BR96-sugar complex. We observe that a major source ofspecificity for the Lewis Y structure by anti-Y antibodies emanatesfrom interaction with the ß-D-N-acetylglucosamineresidue and the nature of the structures extended at the reducingsite of the fucosylated lactosoamine.     

Sol-Gel Synthesis of a New Oxide-Ion Conductor Sr- and Mg-Doped LaGaO3 Perovskite

Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO₃ powders were prepared from a salt acetate solution. The stable solution was peptized by reacting ammonium hydroxide with the precursor solution. Thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) was used to characterize first the dehydration and then the thermal decomposition of the organic ligands of the dried gel. The transformation from amorphous powders into a crystallized, homogeneous oxide phase corresponds to two endothermic peaks in the DTA curve; the first one at 150°C is related to the removal of water and is followed by a shoulder at 250°C. The second peak at 300°C corresponds to a superposition of two decomposition reactions: acetate salt into its oxycarbonate and this oxycarbonate into its oxide. Two subsequent exothermic peaks correspond to oxidation of evolved gases such as methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. TEM observations show an average 10 nm particle size of the LaGaO₃powder after annealing at 600°C. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate a pure primitive-cubic phase is formed by 1300°C without formation of any SrLaGaO₃ impurity. The impedance spectroscopy on a 93%-dense sample exhibits no grain-boundary contribution and an ac conductivity σ= 0.11 Ω⁻¹·cm⁻¹ at 800°C.     

Electrical and mechanical behaviors of carbon nanotube‐filled polymer blends

Four carbon nanotube (CNT)‐filled polymer blends, i.e., CNT‐filled polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyvinylidene fluoride, PET/nylon 6,6, PET/polypropylene, and PET/high‐density polyethylene blends, have been injection‐molded and characterized in terms of their microstructures, electrical conductivities, and mechanical properties. The distribution of CNTs in the polymer blends has been examined based on their wetting coefficients and minimization of the interfacial energy. The electrical conductivity and mechanical properties have been related to the cocontinuous polymer blends, the conductive path formed by CNTs, the CNT distribution, and the intrinsic properties of the constituent polymers. It is found that to obtain a CNT‐filled polymer composite with both high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties, it is preferred that most CNTs distribute in one polymer phase, while the other polymer phase(s) remain neat. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 477–488, 2006     

龙滩矿井采煤工作面诱发开采沉陷的动态变化特征

为掌握地下开采引起的地表沉降动态变化规律与特征,在龙滩矿井3115工作面对应地表建立地表移动观测站,运用理论分析法对监测数据进行分析整理,据此绘制地表移动变形曲线并详细叙述其特征。研究结果表明：地表最大下沉值约为73 mm;各测点的下沉值、倾斜值及曲率值随工作面推进呈逐渐增大的变化规律。通过掌握工作面开采时地表移动变形规律,可为开采沉陷综合治理及矿区地质环境保护工作提供数据支持和技术性指导。     

清远市2011—2022年“龙舟水”地质灾害发育特征与降雨阈值研究

清远市是广东省地质灾害最易发的地区,以小型土质崩塌和滑坡为主;此外该地也是降雨最集中的地区之一。在“龙舟水”期间,清远市大范围、大型规模及灾情重大地质灾害频发。因此,研究“龙舟水”地质灾害主要发育特征和降雨诱发阈值,可使现有地质灾害专业监测预警系统由点向面转变,扩大监测预警覆盖范围,同时可以更好地科学部署汛期地质灾害防御工作。通过对清远市1978年以来地质灾害主要发育特征数据统计,以及2011—2022年“龙舟水”地质灾害经验性阈值统计,可以揭示清远市“龙舟水”地质灾害发育与阈值规律。此外,通过剖析2022年典型“龙舟水”降雨过程及地质灾害主要发育特征、空间分布,可以获取清远市地质灾害易发、多发地区诱发大范围、大型规模及重大地质灾害的累计降雨量阈值,据此可以提出预警建议值。研究成果可用于地质灾害防御工作部署和地质灾害监测预警系统的自动预警预报。     

直读光谱与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定不锈钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍的方法比较

通过对比试验,从样品前处理、测定结果等方面对直读光谱法（OES）与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）进行分析。结果表明,两种方法无显著差异,OES的前处理更简单,检测速度更快,但对样品大小、形状要求较高,无法对直径过小的钢铁样品进行检测,而ICP-OES更符合对不同形状钢铁的检测需求。