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41.
We study the behavior of disk assemblies with a variable disorder distribution. The packing is first consolidated and then continuously tilted very slowly. The amount of displaced disks for each tilted angle is recorded. Large displacements of the disks can occur due to some local or global mechanical instabilities. The definition of neighboring disks is based on radical (extension of Voronoï) tessellation rules to decompose, in a unique and perfectly defined manner, the two-dimensional space for polydisperse disks. In this way, by comparing the characteristics of stability for one disk to the neighboring ones for local ordered cluster, we can predict the global amount of displaced disks. Some tilting cycles have been performed to check the correlation between the instability of the packing structure (collective displacements) with micro and macro order parameters. 相似文献
42.
Steady-State Control Reference and Token Conservation Laws in Continuous Petri Net Systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mahulea C. Ramirez-Trevino A. Recalde L. Silva M. 《Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》2008,5(2):307-320
This paper addresses several questions related to the control of timed continuous Petri nets under infinite server semantics. First, some results regarding equilibrium states and control actions are given. In particular, it is shown that the considered systems are piecewise linear, and for every linear subsystem the possible steady states are characterized. Second, optimal steady-state control is studied, a problem that surprisingly can be computed in polynomial time, when all transitions are controllable and the objective function is linear. Third, an interpretation of some controllability aspects in the framework of linear dynamic systems is presented. An interesting finding is that noncontrollable poles are zero valued. 相似文献
43.
44.
Herman Keith C.; Ostrander Rick; Walkup John T.; Silva Susan G.; March John S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,75(5):716
A latent profile analysis was conducted on the co-occurring symptoms of 423 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder as part of the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), a multisite, randomized treatment trial. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (1.5) years; of the sample, 45.6% was male and 73.8% was white. Scores on the primary subscales of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised were used as indicators in the analysis. Five classes of symptoms best described the clinical presentation of adolescents enrolled in the TADS. Of the adolescents in the sample, 80% were assigned to classes with clinically significant elevations on 1 or more subscales of the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The 5 classes met empirical criteria for distinctiveness and were validated against clinical diagnoses, child-rated symptoms, and clinician-rated functional impairment. The findings are consistent with prior studies that showed a high rate of co-occurring symptoms among depressed adolescents. The discussion focuses on understanding subtypes and comorbidity in adolescent depression as well as the implications for treatment and for prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
45.
We describe the design and operation of a new high-pressure metal ebulliometer which can operate at pressures to at least 3 MPa in the range 220–400 K. Infinite-dilution activity coefficients are presented for the system CHF2Cl + CF3-CH, at 275 K and for the system CF3-CH2F + CH2F2, at 260, 230, and 300 K. The Wilson activity coellicient model and a virial coefficient model are applied to these systems, and the phase equilibrium conditions are calculated. The results are shown to agree well with predicted and with published measured values. The excess enthalpy is calculated and compared with results from a Peng Robinson equation of state. Vapor densities on the dew curves are given. 相似文献
46.
Johnson Robert; Hobfoll Stevan E.; Zalcberg-Linetzy Ana 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,6(3):266
Examined the relationships among social support knowledge, supportive behavior, intimacy with one's spouse, and satisfaction with support provided by one's spouse among 41 Israeli kibbutz couples. The hypothesis that support knowledge and support behavior influence the intimacy between couples and increase satisfaction with spouse's social support efforts was tested. Alternative causal mechanisms are explored with simultaneous equation modeling. Results indicate that satisfaction with social support behavior by one's spouse is mediated entirely by intimacy with one's spouse. Results also indicate that partner's knowledge about social support behavior directly affects intimacy and indirectly generates social support satisfaction independent of actual supportive behavior. The findings do not differ by sex. The consistency of the findings with family behavior exchange theory and implications for marital therapy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
47.
Vicente Ferreira Cristina Peña Ana Escudero Juan Cacho 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1996,202(4):318-323
The ability of fermentative CO2 to blow off the volatile compounds that are synthesized during fermentation has been studied. Model solutions simulating a fermenting must were purged at different CO2 flow rates and temperatures, and the amount of volatile compounds blown off by the stream of CO2 was recorded by high-resolution gas chromatography. Data showed that under normal fermenting conditions, fatty acid ethyl esters and some fusel alcohol acetates are blown off the solution at a high rate. The maximum loss rate was observed for ethyl decanoate. The purging speed is doubled when temperature increases from 17 °C to 27 °C. Losses can be interpreted by a linear model and are a function of the compound and the flow rate of CO2. These models allow us to reconstruct the volatile synthesis vs time functions through graphic calculus and to estimate the proportion of volatile material retained, hydrolysed and purged. Synthesis takes place during the tumultuous period of fermentation together with CO2 production that blows off the volatile material. Hydrolysis takes place in the last stages of fermentation. In a 10-1 open fermenter, up to 80% of volatile material can be blown off while an average of 10% is retained. Residual esterase activity accounts for about 20% of the total amount of ester synthesized. 相似文献
48.
J. D. Carey R. C. Smith S. R. P. Silva 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2006,17(6):405-412
The influence of the different types of bonding present in a range of carbon based materials is discussed as a precursor to
describing the field emission characteristics of carbon cold cathode materials. Some of the controlling factors which govern
electron emission from carbon based cathodes are discussed. It is shown that from disordered carbon films the interplay between
the clustered sp2 phase and the insulating sp3 matrix is important. The transition from a ‘back contact’ to ‘front surface’ controlled emission mechanism is described in
terms of the sp2 content and field penetration. A possible reason for high field enhancement factors found in disordered films also is provided.
It is further shown that changes to the sp2 phase by current stressing can improve the field emission characteristics. Emission from carbon nanotubes is also discussed
and the prospects for new types of nanotube – polymer composite based cathodes are also considered. 相似文献
49.
Suely P. Freitas Fernando C. Da Silva Regina C. A. Lago & Raad Y. Qassim 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(4):319-325
Shear rate vs. shear stress data were obtained on avocado pulp in water emulsions using a concentric cylinder rheometer and fitted to a power law model. Dilution, as volume fraction of water, had a pronounced effect on the apparent viscosity of the pulp emulsions and the Richardson equation, (ηR = exp.( a φ) for the emulsion viscosity fitted the data well. A mean slope coefficient, a , of 4.57 can be used as a first approximation. Enzymatic treatment (40°C, 1 h), is slightly more effective than thermal treatment (65°C, 1 h), in reducing the initial apparent viscosity of the pulp-water emulsions 相似文献
50.
Christophe Nguyen-the Boris Halna-du-Frétay & Alexandra Abreu da Silva 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(6):481-487
Growth of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in mixed salad without dressing, containing cooked sweet corn and raw endive, was similar to that of raw endive alone. At 9°C, sweet corn permitted the growth of the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides , whenever the bacterium was present on raw endive, whereas no growth of lactic acid bacteria was recorded on raw endive alone. Listeria monocytogenes , artificially inoculated in the samples, grew more in the mixed salad than in the raw endive alone, for products stored at 6°C and 9°C. Acidification of sweet corn to pH 5.0 was proposed to reduce the development of L. monocytogenes in the mixed salad to a level similar to that recorded in the raw endive alone. Acidification with citric acid reduced spoilage of sweet corn, whereas acetic acid caused necrosis on the leaves of raw endive. 相似文献