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31.
Currently, bladder cancer (BC) represents a challenging problem in the field of Oncology. The high incidence, prevalence, and progression of BC have led to the exploration of new avenues in its management, in particular in advanced metastatic stages. The recent inclusion of immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors as a therapeutic option for BC represents an unprecedented advance in BC management. However, although some patients show durable responses, the fraction of patients showing benefit is still limited. Notwithstanding, cell-based therapies, initially developed for the management of hematological cancers by infusing immune or trained immune cells or after the engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing cells, are promising tools to control, or even cure, solid tumors. In this review, we summarize recent cell-based immunotherapy studies, with a special focus on BC. 相似文献
32.
Because of their large specific surface area, aqueous‐based pseudolatex systems of ethylcellulose can absorb large amounts of drugs. In addition, the stability of polymeric particles in biological fluids delays the release of the drug as in controlled drug delivery systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize the rheological properties of latex particles as a measure of their colloidal stability. Here, we report the effect of three variables: pH, electrolyte concentration, and temperature. The rheograms clearly show that the polymer suspensions displayed Bingham plastic behavior. Internal structuring of the latex was greatest at acid and natural pH values, particularly at the highest ionic strength. In acid solutions, only temperature appeared to play a fundamental role; both the shear stress corresponding to the onset of nonlinear viscoelasticity and the elastic modulus at all frequencies were higher at 37°C than those at room temperature. This is assumed to be a consequence of deformation of the polymer particles upon heating. The effect of ionic strength was noticeable only at the natural pH (pH ? 6.5). At high concentrations of sodium chloride, the particles aggregated because of the decrease in double layer repulsion, and as a result, the latex became structured and its elastic modulus subsequently increased. Interestingly, when the temperature was increased further, this structure presumably broke, down, at least partially, and the storage modulus was reduced. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 847–851, 2006 相似文献
33.
Salvador Hernndez Salvador Pereira‐Pech Arturo Jimnez Vicente Rico‐Ramírez 《加拿大化工杂志》2003,81(5):1087-1091
Several thermally coupled distillation sequences have been proposed to improve the thermal inefficiency of conventional distillation sequences. Particularly, for the separation of ternary mixtures, structures that perform a lateral extraction in one of the columns of the integrated arrangement have been shown to provide significant energy savings. The structure of existing sequences, based on conventional distillation columns, might provide the basis for alternate thermally coupled designs. In this paper, it is shown how a thermally coupled system derived from an indirect conventional sequence can provide energy savings through a proper optimization of the interconnecting streams. 相似文献
34.
Arturo J. Hernndez-Maldonado Gongshin Qi Ralph T. Yang 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2005,61(3-4):212-218
Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al2O3 sorbent was studied for desulfurization of a commercial jet fuel (364.3 ppmw S) and a commercial diesel (140 ppmw S). The sorbent was prepared by means of spontaneous monolayer dispersion methods. Deep desulfurization (sulfur levels of <1 ppmw) was accomplished with this sorbent using a fixed-bed adsorber. The CuCl/γ-Al2O3 sorbent was capable of removing 6.4 and 11.2 mg of sulfur per gram for jet fuel at breakthrough (at <1 ppmw S) and saturation, respectively. The same sorbent was capable of removing 0.94 and 1.8 mg of sulfur per gram for BP diesel at breakthrough and saturation, respectively. The difference in sulfur capacities for jet fuel and diesel was apparently caused by the difference in concentrations of strongly binding compounds, such as nitrogen heterocycles, heavy (polynuclear) aromatics and fuel additives. In comparison with CuCl/γ-Al2O3, Cu(I)Y zeolite has higher sulfur capacities but is less stable and can be easily oxidized to Cu(II)Y by fuel additives (such as oxygenates) and moisture and consequently loses π-complexation ability. However, all these cuprous π-complexation sorbents selectively adsorb thiophenic compounds over aromatics and olefins (as predicted by the high separation factors), which resulted in the observed desulfurization capability. A feasibility study is shown for efficient regeneration of CuCl/γ-Al2O3 using ultrasound at ambient temperature. Possible problems associated with desulfurization using π-complexation sorbents for commercial fuels are discussed. 相似文献
35.
The problem of on‐line estimation of the conversion and composition evolutions in a pressurized batch copolymer reactor with temperature and pressure measurements was addressed. The estimation model consisted of mass and energy balances with a pressure equation built from phase‐equilibrium considerations. The application of a nonlinear geometric estimation approach yielded the underlying solvability condition with physical meaning, a straightforward estimator construction, and a conventional‐like tuning procedure. The resulting barocalorimetric estimator was an on‐line dynamic measurement processor with a model‐based predictor and a measurement‐driven corrector, and whose implementation did not require the polymerization rates and heat‐transfer coefficient function dependencies. The technique was tested with a representative laboratory styrene–butadiene system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 475–482, 2005 相似文献
36.
Information diffusion in large-scale networks has been studied to identify the users influence. The influence has been targeted as a key feature either to reach large populations or influencing public opinion. Through the use of micro-blogs, such as Twitter, global influencers have been identified and ranked based on message propagation (retweets). In this paper, a new application is presented, which allows to find first and classify then the local influence on Twitter: who have influenced you and who have been influenced by you. Until now, social structures of tweets’ original authors that have been either retweeted or marked as favourites are unobservable. Throughout this application, these structures can be discovered and they reveal the existence of communities formed by users of similar profile (that are connected among them) interrelated with other similar profile users’ communities. 相似文献
37.
Augusto Lanzón Tomás Albi Arturo Cert Jaime Gracián 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(3):285-291
In numerous Spanish virgin olive oils, 6,10-dimethyl-1-undecene, various sesquiterpenes, the series ofn-alkanes from C14 to C35, n-8-heptadecene and squalene are the only less volatile components detected by gas chromatography
in the hydrocarbon fraction. In oils from olives of the Arbequine variety, a series ofn-9-alkenes has also been found. In refined oils, notable features are the absence of the most volatile compounds and the appearance
of other hydrocarbons produced during the refining process. Among these,n-alkanes, alkadienes (mainlyn-hexacosadiene), stigmasta-3,5-diene, isomerization products of squalene, isoprenoidal polyolefins coming from hydroxy derivatives
of squalene and steroidal hydrocarbons derived from 24-methylene cycloartanol were identified. Physical refining produces
larger amounts of degradation products and greater losses ofn-alkanes than chemical processing. Squalene is the major hydrocarbon component in all oils, both virgin and refined. The ranges
of concentration for the different hydrocarbons found in Spanish virgin olive oils are presented. 相似文献
38.
Mejía-Centeno Isidro Martínez-Hernández Angel Fuentes Gustavo A. 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,42(1-4):381-385
The use of low-sulfur fuel is known to improve the performance of the three-way catalytic converter (TWC). However, in this
work we report how low-sulfur operation of commercial TWC also favors formation of N2O and NH3 as by products. We found that low-sulfur rich operation above 300 °C increases the production of NH3, inhibiting the formation of N2O characteristic of high-sulfur operation. During lean operation, the production of N2O near the stoichiometric point is not significantly affected by the sulfur level. The large production of N2O observed during light-off is not affected by SO2 when the operation is lean, but under rich conditions N2O is produced up to 575 °C. The increased production of NH3 and N2O in TWC as a result of the introduction of low-sulfur gasoline is an area that requires further analysis because of its implication
upon public health in large urban settings. 相似文献
39.
Polycrystalline (PbS)1.14(TaS2)2, a misfit layer sulfide, was used as cathodic material for lithium secondary battery. One molar LiClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) was used as electrolyte. The cell could be galvanostatic discharged down to x = 4.6 [Lix(PbS)1.14(TaS2)2] when the current density was 65 μA cm−2 and the cell was cycled more than 100 times between 3.5 and 1.5 V at a current density of 260 μA cm−2. Lattice expansion increased linearly with lithium content and was less than that reported for the Li/TaS2 system. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined by a modified version of the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and they were fairly constant in the composition range 0.2 < x < 1, and an average value of 8.1 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 was calculated. Sodium intercalation was also accomplished, but the uptake of this ion resulting in a significant lattice expansion compared with that observed for lithium ions. Moreover, a similar dependence of the sodium chemical diffusion coefficient on the composition was observed with an average value of 1.4 × 10−10 cm2 s−1, somewhat higher than that of lithium ion. We believe that differences in lattice expansion may be responsible for the differences found in the chemical diffusivity values. 相似文献
40.
S. Yildirim R. G. Fuentes R. Evangelista Z. L. Nikoloy 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(8):809-814
Two germ-separation methods, dry-milling and density separation by flotation, were evaluated for recovering recombinant β-glucuronidase
(rGUS) that accumulated primarily in the germ of transgenic corn. The dry-milling process consisted of (i) seed tempering,
(ii) degerming with a horizontal-drum degermer/dehuller, (iii) particle size fractionation with standard sieves, (iv) germ
and endosperm separation by roller milling and sifting, and (v) removal of hulls by aspiration. Sieves nos. 5, 6, and 7 retained
the majority of germ, and subfractions from these sieves were pooled as a germ-rich fraction. Mass balances showed that the
germ-rich fraction, which constituted 17% of the total dry-milled corn weight, contained 49% of rGUS activity and 64% of the
total recoverable oil. Germ fractionation by flotation was tested as a proof-of-concept method aimed at separating corn fractions
based on their difference in specific gravity (sp gr). The process consisted of impact-grinding of corn kernels followed by
density separation using 1.15 or 1.3 specific gravity sodium nitrate solution. The oil-containing germ fraction floated, whereas
the heavier endosperm fraction sedimented. The flotation method was simpler and resulted in higher enzyme recovery, that is,
the germ-rich fraction was 20% (w/w) of the initial corn weight, and accounted for 80% of rGUS activity and 77% of total oil.
The sodium nitrate solution did not have an adverse effect on the enzyme activity. 相似文献