Wireless Networks - The cognitive radio technology enables secondary users (SUs) to occupy licensed bands when primary users (PUs) are not occupy them. Spectrum sensing is a key technology for SUs... 相似文献
In the future fifth generation networked society, devices will suffer from the asynchronous multi-carrier effect which impacts the user’s quality of experience. This paper investigates the timing misalignment effect on interference level in the context of a cognitive radio (CR) network. Our study considers both multicarrier techniques orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC). The originality of our paper consists in proposing a simple but accurate analytical model to evaluate our system’s performance in terms of interference level, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and bit error rate. Specifically, two case studies are considered, a single-user case (one primary user and one secondary user) and a multi-user case with exact theoretical expressions of interference level. We had also made a comparison between OFDM and FBMC techniques. The most striking observation to emerge from our results is that the asynchronous interference is inversely propositional to timing offset even for the multi-user case, and that differences in the normalized interference level between the single/multi-user cases is barely perceived for the FBMC technique, proving its efficiency. Our simulations’ results had further strengthened our confidence in the suggested model. It shows that FBMC is best suited for CR networks since it provides BER improvements compared to OFDM.
With the rapid development of lo- cation-aware devices such as smart phones, Location-Based Services (LBSs) are becoming increasingly popular. Users can enjoy conven- ience by sending queries to LBS servers and obtaining service information that is nearby. However, these queries may leak the users' locations and interests to the un-trusted LBS servers, leading to serious privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a Privacy-Preserving Pseudo-Location Updating System (3PLUS) to achieve k-anonymity for mobile users using LBSs. In 3PLUS, without relying on a third party, each user keeps pseudo-locations ob- tained from both the history locations and the encountered users, and randomly exchanges one of them with others when encounters oc- cur. As a result, each user's buffer is disor- dered. A user can obtain any k locations from the buffer to achieve k-anonymity locally. The security analysis shows the security properties and our evaluation results indicate that the user's privacy is significantly improved. 相似文献
The aim of this work is to getter unwanted impurities from solar grade crystalline silicon (Si) wafers and then to enhance their electronic properties. This was done by forming a sacrificial porous silicon (PS) layer on both sides of the Si wafers and by performing infrared (IR) thermal annealing treatments (at around 950 °C) in a SiCl4/N2 controlled atmosphere. The process allows concentrating unwanted impurities in the PS layer and near the PS/silicon interface. These treatments reduce the resistivity by about two orders of magnitude at a depth of about 40 μm and improve the minority carrier diffusion length from 75 to 210 μm. This gettering method was also tested on silicon wafers where grooved fingers and back contacts were achieved using a chemical vapor etching (CVE) method. Front buried metallic contacts and small holes for local back surface field were then achieved after the gettering stage in order to realize silicon solar cells. It was shown that the photovoltaic parameters of gettered silicon solar cells were improved as regard to ungettered ones. 相似文献
In this paper, a simple yet effective model is developed to analyze the nonlinearity in power-current characteristics, also known as "kinks", observed in AlGaInP selectively-buried-ridge (SBR) laser diodes driven by narrow pulses (/spl sim/10/sup -7/s). The model takes the temperature-induced waveguide as well as the carrier distribution into account, and the simulation results show good agreement with the experiments. The main factors influencing the kink behavior of SBR lasers are investigated based on this model, and it is believed to be of great help for the optimization AlGaInP laser structure for high-power applications. 相似文献
Techniques for modeling and simulating channel conditions play an essential role in understanding network protocol and application behavior. In [11], we demonstrated that inaccurate modeling using a traditional analytical model yielded suboptimal error control protocol parameters choices. In this paper, we demonstrate that time-varying effects on wireless channels result in wireless traces which exhibit non-stationary behavior over small window sizes. We then present an algorithm that extracts stationary components from a collected trace in order to provide analytical channel models that, relative to traditional approaches, more accurately represent characteristics such as burstiness, statistical distribution of errors, and packet loss processes. Our algorithm also generates artificial traces with the same statistical characteristics as actual collected network traces. For validation, we develop a channel model for the circuit-switched data service in GSM and show that it: (1) more closely approximates GSM channel characteristics than traditional Markov models and (2) generates artificial traces that closely match collected traces' statistics. Using these traces in a simulator environment enables future protocol and application testing under different controlled and repeatable conditions. 相似文献