Design of exclusive or sum-of-products (ESP) logic arrays with universal tests for detecting stuck-at and bridging faults

The detection problem of bridging faults in AND-EXOR arrays is considered in this paper in a new framework. These AND-EXOR arrays are different from the arrays based on the so-called Reed-Muller canonic (RMC) expansion of functions. The multiple stuck-at fault detection test set in such arrays as already derived by Pradhan[1] has been utilized to detect bridging faults. One most important advantage of this test set is that it is independent of the function realized and it has a simple algebraic structure and hence can be generated easily. As this conventional test set is insufficient to detect all bridging faults, we propose a technique of augmenting the network with some additional observation points which take care of otherwise undetectable bridging faults.     

Viscosity variation of N-cetyl pyridinium chloride—high concentration range

N-cetyl pyridinium chloride in aqueous solution is found to obey the equation of fluidity, lnη_rel = (kN)/[N₀(N₀ ? N)] up to a high concentration, almost saturation. Despite micellar association the plot of ln η_relvsN/(N₀ ? N) was found to be linear for N₀ = 5.0, the hypothetical concentration at which glass transition would occur. The linearity of the plot is maintained in the presence of an added electrolyte, sodium chloride producing lower values for N₀ as the concentration of sodium chloride is increased.     

The scanning optical microscope (extracts on near-field microscopy)—from a 1975 report

The following consists of extracts concerning near-field microscopy from a Progress Report prepared in April 1975 as Oxford University Engineering Laboratory Report No. 1883/77, describing work initiated by the late Professor R. Kompfner. Preliminary experimental work on near-field microscopy is outlined, and a theory for contrast formation is presented.     

Soft Error Rate Reduction Using Circuit Optimization and Transient Filter Insertion

This paper describes a tunable transient filter (TTF) design for soft error rate reduction in combinational logic circuits. TTFs can be inserted into combinational circuits to suppress propagated single-event transients (SETs) before they can be captured in latches or flip-flops. TTFs are tuned by adjusting the maximum width of the propagated SET that can be suppressed. A TTF requires 6–14 transistors, making it an attractive cost-effective option to reduce the soft error rate in combinational circuits. A global optimization approach based on geometric programming that integrates TTF insertion with dual-V _DD and gate sizing is described. Simulation results for the 65 nm process technology indicate that a 17–48× reduction in the soft error rate can be achieved with this approach.     

Investigation of thermal performance of SAC variables using fuzzy logic based expert system

The thermal performance of a solar air collector (SAC) is investigated experimentally under the different climatic conditions of north eastern India using fuzzy logic based expert system (FLES). The FLES based on subtractive clustering (SC) with the fuzzy logic method where here, SC is used for extraction of optimal fuzzy IF-THEN rules while a fuzzy logic is used for modeling of SAC variables. This work considered four input variables [like mass flow rate (m), collector tilt angles (θ), solar radiation (Q), temperature (T)] and the four output variables [i.e. efficiency (η), exergetic efficiency (η_II), temperature rise (∆T), and pressure drop (∆P)]. First, 272 trials of experimentation on SAC are performed by varying m from 0.0078 to 0.0118 kg/s and θ from 30 to 60°, whereas the variation of metrological data is obtained in different working days. Then modeling and parametric analysis is carried out for SAC. Experimental results reveal that the value of η increases with the increase in m, Q, T and θ up to 45°. The higher value of m results in a higher value of ∆P and that reduces the value of η_II. Also, FLES model provides comparable and acceptable values for SAC. At last, validation of the FLES model is done via published data to confirm the results.

     

An empirical approach towards characterization of encrypted and unencrypted VoIP traffic

Multimedia Tools and Applications - VoIP traffic classification plays a major role towards network policy enforcements. Characterization of VoIP media traffic is based on codec behaviour. With the...