David Kipnis (1924-1999).

Memorializes David Kipnis for his many contributions to social psychology. During his research career, Kipnis explored the psychology of social power in diverse settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transformations for optimizing interprocess communication and synchronization mechanisms

This paper presents source-level transformations that improve the performance of programs using synchronous and asynchronous message passing primitives, including remote call to an active process (rendezvous). It also discusses the applicability of these transformations to shared memory and distributed environments. The transformations presented reduce the need for context switching, simplify the specific form of communication, and/or reduce the complexity of the given form of communication. One additional transformation actually increases the number of processes as well as the number of context switches to improve program performance. These transformations are shown to be generalizable. Results of hand-applying the transformations to SR programs indicate reductions in execution time exceeding 90% in many cases. The transformations also apply to many commonly occurring synchronization patterns and to other concurrent programming languages such as Ada and Concurrent C. The long term goal of this effort is to include such transformations as an otpimization step, performed automatically by a compiler.This work was supported by NSF under Grant Number CCR88-10617.     

Development of Microsatellite Markers in the Branched Broomrape Phelipanche ramosa L. (Pomel) and Evidence for Host-Associated Genetic Divergence

Phelipanche ramosa is a parasitic plant that infects numerous crops worldwide. In Western Europe it recently expanded to a new host crop, oilseed rape, in which it can cause severe yield losses. We developed 13 microsatellite markers for P. ramosa using next-generation 454 sequencing data. The polymorphism at each locus was assessed in a sample of 96 individuals collected in France within 6 fields cultivated with tobacco, hemp or oilseed rape. Two loci were monomorphic. At the other 11 loci, the number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 3 to 6 and from 0.31 to 0.60, respectively. Genetic diversity within each cultivated field was very low. The host crop from which individuals were collected was the key factor structuring genetic variation. Individuals collected on oilseed rape were strongly differentiated from individuals collected on hemp or tobacco, which suggests that P. ramosa infecting oilseed rape forms a genetically diverged race. The microsatellites we developed will be useful for population genetics studies and for elucidating host-associated genetic divergence in P. ramosa.     

Comparison of glycemic index of spelt and wheat bread in human volunteers

The assessment of the glycemic index (GI) seems to be an important parameter to take into account in order to better understand the physiologic effects of foods with high carbohydrate levels. Among cereals, which are major sources of carbohydrates, spelt (Triticum spelta L.) has been considered as particularly interesting from a nutritional point of view. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the GI of white spelt bread in healthy subjects. The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) white bread was used as reference food. To avoid differences in the production of both breads, spelt and wheat breads were baked under the same controlled conditions. Results showed that the glycemic profile of spelt white bread was not different from that of wheat white bread (GI of 93 ± 9). The area under the glycemic curve significantly and negatively correlated to fasting glycemia and carbohydrate intake during evening meals preceding the test. In conclusion, the glycemic response to spelt bread was similar to that of wheat bread. However, in order to avoid more inter-individual variability, our data supports the importance to propose standardised carbohydrate content for the last meal before evaluating the GI of food.     

Biological purification of exhaust air containing toluene vapor in a filter-bed reactor

Experiments during a period of 93 days are reported on the treatment of waste air containing toluene vapor using a laboratory scale biofilter system packed with peat inoculated with specific florae (Pseudomonas type) and intermittently humidified with a nutrient solution necessary for the survival of the micro-organisms. Design and operation parameters were regularly measured in order to check the performance of the biodegradation process. Under pseudo-steady state conditions, a maximum elimination capacity of 70 g/m³.h was obtained for an inlet load of 190 g/m³.h. Elimination capacity data obtained agreed well with the predictions of two recognized zero order kinetic models. Also, the biofilm thickness as predicted from the Ottengraf and van den Oever model (1983) was around lmm.     

New procedure for the study of odour representativeness of aromatic extracts from smoked salmon

The representativeness of an aromatic extract of smoked salmon obtained from simultaneous steam distillation and extraction with diethyl ether is discussed. After extraction, the extract is diluted in ethanol with an evaporation of diethyl ether, which allows the extract to be redeposited on matrices physically similar to those of the original product. When the shift of the matrix effect is taken into account, the sensorial results are closer to reality and more representative of the real interaction conditions between the matrix and the extract. Several sensory methods are used to describe the representativeness of the smoked salmon extracts, such as triangular and notation tests. Preliminary work is carried out on standards known both to contribute to the aroma of many seafood products and to have a high volatility in comparison with those expected in smoked salmon in order to test the method in difficult conditions of recovery. This enables the recovery yield of the extraction (from 62% for limonene to 97% for 2-methylphenol) to be assessed leading to a better characterization of the representativeness taking into account the odour dilutions. The final aromatic extract is found to be about 70% representative of the original product.     

A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali

General-purpose database management systems, whose structure is built in, are not an appropriate solution to situations where problems of translation or areas of research cannot be bounded in advance, for example, when lexicography and linguistic research are closely related. Consequently, an original system has been developed, and is being applied to linguistic and lexicographical data on the Somali language.Jacqueline Lecarme has a master's degree in Lettres Classiques (University of Grenoble, 1969) and a Ph.D. in linguistics (University of Montreal, 1978). Carole Maury has a master's degree and a doctorate in computer science (University of Nice, 1986).     

Factors in the current adjustment of young adult daughters of alcoholic and problem drinking fathers.

The adjustment status of women whose fathers were alcoholic, psychiatrically disturbed, or normal was compared to determine the extent of daughters' vulnerability and whether family climate and social support variables moderated the development of symptomatology. The 240 respondents, who were either university staff members or students, comprised four groups: women with normal fathers (n?=?81), women with alcoholic and problem drinking fathers (n?=?114), women with psychiatrically disturbed fathers (n?=?30), and women with both parents who were alcoholic or problem drinkers (n?=?15). Daughters of alcoholic and problem drinking fathers reported more neurotic and acting-out symptoms than did daughters of normal fathers. However, a similar elevation of neurotic and acting-out symptoms was found among the daughters of psychiatrically disturbed fathers, who in addition had significantly higher depression scores than did the daughters of alcoholic and problem drinking fathers. Daughters' rates of alcohol use did not distinguish the groups. Family climate and social support variables were found to be related to daughters' current adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occurrence,types, properties and interactions of phenolic compounds with other food constituents in oil-bearing plants

ABSTRACT

Phenolic phytochemicals have become of interest due to their therapeutic potential, particularly with regards to their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties. An evolving area of research involving phenolics in foods and their products pertains to the functional, biological, and nutritional consequences resulting from the binding between certain phenolic compounds and the macronutrient and micronutrient constituents of foods. The goal of this review is to provide a summary of studies investigating endogenous phenolic interactions with major components in food systems, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins, with a focus on the phenolic compounds and nutrients in oil-bearing plants. Another major objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical nature of phenolic interactions with food constituents that could affect the quality, nutritional and functional properties of foods. Such information can assist in the discovery and optimization of specific phenolic complexes in plant-based foods that could be utilized towards various applications in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.