Kinetic study of the microwave-induced thermal degradation of cv. Arbequina olive oils flavored with lemon verbena essential oil

The effect of typical domestic microwave heating (0–15 min, at 800 W) on the thermal degradation of unflavored and flavored olive oils' minor bioactive compounds and related antioxidant activity was studied. Olive oils from cv. Arbequina were flavored with lemon verbena essential oil (0%, 0.2% and 0.4%, w/w) leading to a linear increase of total phenols (112–160 mg gallic acid kg⁻¹ oil, R-Pearson = +0.9870), total carotenoids (2.19–2.56 mg lutein kg⁻¹ oil, R-Pearson = +0.9611), and, to a less extent, of chlorophyll (2.32–3.19 mg pheophytin kg⁻¹ oil, R-Pearson = +0.8238). However, no such linear trend was observed for the oxidative stability (6.5–7.8 h) or the radical scavenging activity (inhibition rates: 40%–43%). The contents of total phenols, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll decreased with the rise of the microwave heating time, following their thermal degradation, a second-order kinetic model (0.8784 ≤ R-Pearson ≤ 0.9926). The essential oil addition did not influence the estimated second-order rate reaction constants of total phenols (0.00070–0.00072 kg oil min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ gallic acid)and total carotenoids (0.14–0.17 kg oil min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ lutein), with a broader variation observed for chlorophyll (0.014–0.022 kg oil min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ pheophytin). Globally, total carotenoids degraded faster than total phenols and chlorophyll (half-life of 2.3–3.4, 8.8–12.8, and 14.5–30.8 min, respectively). Moreover, except for chlorophyll, the half-life of total phenols and carotenoids linearly decreased with the essential oil addition (R-Pearson: −0.9999 and −0.9421, respectively), showing that flavoring did not have a protective effect against degradation when subjected to a microwave heating.     

调节服装微循环气候的经编间隔织物

德国德累斯顿工业大学纺织服装学院对经编间隔织物的舒适性能进行了研究，该项计划编号为ALF 13086，主要针对于经编间隔织物的产品开发及其性能研究，目的是探讨经编间隔织物选用纤维材料以及纤维的数量对织物热湿传递性能的影响。     

Textile reinforcement of multidimensional formable wood

The thermo-mechanical densification of wood leads to new material characteristics with a plasticity of more than 50 %. The compression process can be influenced by different material and process parameters. By subsequent thermo-hydro-mechanical forming, production of three-dimensional structures is viable. Additional textile reinforcement can increase the formability of partly densified wood structures transverse to the fibre direction. At the same time, the strain will be limited in order to avert premature local failure in the densified wood cell structure. Forming tests confirm the significant increase in drapability by jute and glass fibre reinforcement. Swelling pressure tests were carried out on three densified wood species to determine the internal stresses of the glue line. Thereby, lower compression stresses in poplar (Populus nigra L.) than in lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) or pine (Pinus silvestris L.) were measured. Compression stresses correlate with the density and will increase at higher densification. Furthermore, the determination of local deformation caused by densification and moulding was to be evaluated. The tests were performed by measurement of recovery during water storage using grid strain analysis. Specimens with lower process temperature (75 °C) and high degree of densification (50 %) were less homogenously deformed than samples at high temperatures (125 °C). In summary, moulding optimised, biaxially densified end grain boards with textile reinforcement (jute) should be preferably used for technical applications such as interior fitting or the use in automotive engineering.     

Processing of waste carbon and polyamide fibres for high-performance thermoplastic composites: influence of carding parameters on fibre orientation,fibre length and sliver cohesion force

Abstract

The processing of waste carbon fibre on carding machine for the developments of nonwovens, tapes and hybrid yarn structures is an emerging trend. These structures are widely used to enhance the performance efficiency of recycled carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. The aim of the research presented in this study is to process waste carbon fibre on a carding machine and to investigate the influence of different carding parameters on waste carbon fibre. For this purpose, card slivers composed of waste carbon and polyamide fibres were developed on a double cylinder card machine by varying technical parameters. Then, effect of these parameters on card sliver quality was assessed in terms of fibre orientation, fibre length and sliver cohesion force. Results revealed that fibre orientation and fibre length is significantly affected by technological parameters carding zones, whereas the sliver cohesion force is significantly affected by the speed of feed roller and doffer.     

Faba bean (Vicia faba) inclusion in dairy cow diets: Effect on nutrient digestion,rumen fermentation,nitrogen utilization,methane production,and milk performance

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis soybean meal (SBM) and corn grain with ground or rolled faba bean (FB; Vicia faba major var. Baie-Saint-Paul) in dairy cow diets (17% of diet dry matter) on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, N utilization, methane production, and milk performance. For this purpose, 9 lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (35-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (forage:concentrate ratio = 59:41 on a dry matter basis). In the concentrate portion, SBM and corn grain (control diet) were completely and partially replaced, respectively, with either ground or rolled FB. Ruminal degradability (in sacco) of crude protein was higher for ground FB (79.4%) compared with SBM (53.3%) and rolled FB (53.2%). Including FB in the diet did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition. Experimental treatment had no effect on total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetate-to-propionate ratio, and protozoa numbers. Compared with cows fed the control diet, ruminal NH₃ concentration increased and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB and rolled FB, respectively; however, we found no difference in ruminal NH₃ concentration between the 2 processed FB. Apparent total-tract digestibility of crude protein was similar between cows fed the control diet and cows fed rolled FB and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB compared with cows fed the control diet. Feeding rolled FB decreased CP digestibility compared with feeding ground FB. Urinary and manure (feces + urine) N excretion (g/d or as a proportion of N intake) were not affected by the inclusion of FB in the diet. Enteric CH₄ production was similar among the experimental diets. Results from this study show that including FB (17% of dietary dry matter) at the expense of SBM and corn grain in the diet had no effect on milk production, N excretion, and enteric CH₄ production of dairy cows.     

带有转移线圈的改进型缝编织物

介绍了普通缝编设备的改造,即在原有编织功能的基础上,赋予织针的横移运动,因此可在缝编织物中任意加入单层纱线而不受限制.基于此编织原理,采用改进的缝编设备和研制的手动样机成功地进行了试生产,所生产产品与普通缝编织物或其他纺织设备加工的产品相比,具有更好的性能,更适合于制作复合材料.     

A new hybrid quantitative structure property relationships-support vector regression (QSPR-SVR) approach for predicting the solubility of drug compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide

The purpose of this work was to compare the performance of 7 meta-heuristics algorithms namely: Dragonfly (DA), Ant Lion (ALO), Grey Wolf (GWO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm (PSO), Whale (WAO), and a hybrid Particle Swarm with Grey Wolf (HPSOGWO) optimizers in terms of fine-tuning hyper-parameters of a hybrid quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR)-support vector regression (SVR) for the prediction of molar fraction solubilities of drug compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂). A dataset of 168 drug compounds, 13 inputs, and 4490 experimental data points was used to achieve the goal. All 7 models were statistically and graphically approved while the HPSOGWO-SVR was found to over-perform with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 0.706% and an AIC of −14,434,249. The model was subjected to an external test (validation) using 160 experimental data points that were not used in the training and the test set. The overall results proved that the obtained model has good predictivity ability and robustness.