Dielectric behavior of PVDF/POMA blends that have a low doped POMA content

The real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) components of the complex permittivity of blends of PVDF [poly(vinylidene fluoride)] with POMA [poly(o‐methoxyaniline)] doped with toluenosulfonic acid (TSA) containing 1, 2.5, and 5 wt % POMA–TSA were determined in the frequency interval between 10² and 3 × 10⁶ Hz and in the temperature range from ?120 up to 120°C. It was observed that the values of ε′ and ε″ had a greater increase with the POMA–TSA content and with a temperature in the region of frequencies below 10 kHz. This effect decreased with frequency and it was attributed to interfacial polarization. This polarization was caused by the blend heterogeneity, formed by conductive POMA–TSA agglomerates dispersed in an insulating matrix of PVDF. The equation of Maxwell–Garnett, modified by Cohen, was used to evaluate the permittivity and conductivity behavior of POMA–TSA in the blends. A strong decrease was observed in POMA–TSA conductivity in the blend, which was bigger the lower the POMA–TSA content in the blend. This decrease could have been caused either by the POMA dedoping during the blend preparation process or by its dispersion into the insulating matrix. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 752–758, 2003     

A comparative study of two approaches for supporting optimal network location queries

Given a set S of sites and a set O of weighted objects, an optimal location query finds the location(s) where introducing a new site maximizes the total weight of the objects that are closer to the new site than to any other site. With such a query, for instance, a franchise corporation (e.g., McDonald’s) can find a location to open a new store such that the number of potential store customers (i.e., people living close to the store) is maximized. Optimal location queries are computationally complex to compute and require efficient solutions that scale with large datasets. Previously, two specific approaches have been proposed for efficient computation of optimal location queries. However, they both assume p-norm distance (namely, L₁ and L₂/Euclidean); hence, they are not applicable where sites and objects are located on spatial networks. In this article, we focus on optimal network location (ONL) queries, i.e., optimal location queries in which objects and sites reside on a spatial network. We introduce two complementary approaches, namely EONL (short for Expansion-based ONL) and BONL (short for Bound-based ONL), which enable efficient computation of ONL queries with datasets of uniform and skewed distributions, respectively. Moreover, with an extensive experimental study we verify and compare the efficiency of our proposed approaches with real world datasets, and we demonstrate the importance of considering network distance (rather than p-norm distance) with ONL queries.     

Miscibility and morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐ran‐trifluorethylene] blends

This study presents an investigation of the effect of the different crystalline phases of each blend component on miscibility when blending poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐ran‐trifluorethylene] [P(VDF–TrFE)] containing 72 mol % of VDF. It was found that, when both components crystallized in their ferroelectric phase, the PVDF showed a strong effect on the crystallinity and phase‐transition temperature of the copolymer, indicating partial miscibility in the crystalline state. On the other hand, immiscibility was observed when both components, after melting, were crystallized in their paraelectric phase. In this case, however, a decrease in crystallization temperatures suggested a strong interaction between monomers in the liquid state. Blend morphologies indicated that, in spite of the lack of miscibility in the crystalline state, there is at least miscibility between PVDF and P(VDF–TrFE) in the liquid state, and that a very intimate mixture of the two phases on the lamellar level can be maintained upon crystallization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1362–1369, 2002     

Reference materials of defined particle size certified recently by the community bureau of reference of the european economic community

Some results from an international projects, supported by the Community Bureau of Reference of the European Economic Community, on the certification of five reference materials of defined particle size covering the overall range 0.35 – 650 μm are presented and discussed. Four of the reference materials were certified with respect to the mass distributions of the Stokes' diameters measured by an agreed gravitational sedimentation (Andreasen pipette) method. The coarsest of the reference materials was certified with respect to the mass distribution of the volume diameters of the particles using sieves, the ‘cut sizes’ of which were calibrated with respect to their equivalent volume diameters.Data were also obtained using several other methods, including X-ray gravitational sedimentation, sedimentation balance, centrifugal sedimentation, electrical sensing zone and photo-sedimentation methods. These were not used for certification but are presented for comparison purposes and to indicate the usefulness of the certified reference materials for the checking and calibration of many particle sizing techniques.     

Flavonoid pigments in chalkhill blue (Lysandra coridon Poda) and other lycaenid butterflies

Nine flavonoids, namely, kaempferol, kaempferol 7-rharanoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, 7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3,7-diglucoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3,7-diglucoside, have been identified in the body and wings of the chalkhill blue butterflyLysandra coridon Poda. Flavonoids have also been found in 15 of a further 17 lycaenid species examined. Analysis of the two-dimensional paper chromatographic flavonoid patterns and aglycone results has shown that the flavonoid content ofL. coridon and the other lycaenids is dependent on the flavonoid content of the larval diet. Differences in the flavonoid patterns ofL. coridon and its leguminous larval food plantsHippocrepis comosa, Anthyllis vulneraria, andLotus corniculatus, indicate that the ingested flavonoids are metabolized byL. coridon or its gut flora before sequestration. Despite the presence of fiavones, glycoflavones, and isoflavones in the larval food plant species, only flavonols are sequestered by the lycaenid species examined. The relationship between lycaenid butterflies and their larval food plants, and the possible role(s) of flavonoids in lycaenids has been discussed. Interactions between ants, plants, flavonoids, and myrmecophilous lycaenids have also been considered.     

Single-channel EEG measurement of engagement in virtual rehabilitation: a validation study

Virtual Reality - Stroke rehabilitation suffers from low levels of patient engagement, impeding recovery. Virtual rehabilitation (VR) approaches can improve patient outcomes; however, there is...     

论长江开发与保护策略

长江治理开发与生态环境保护不协调,重开发轻保护,是长江面临生态环境问题的主要症结所在。在总结70年来长江治理开发取得的重大成就基础上,分析了新时代长江面临的主要水安全问题,明确了长江治理开发与保护协调的总体思路,提出了今后一段时间长江治理开发与保护的主要策略:进一步加强防洪安全体系建设,提高防洪保安能力;实施生态要素调控与空间管控,修复受损生态系统;严控入河污染负荷,改善水体环境质量;科学调控长江与洞庭湖、鄱阳湖关系。     

积分约束下的追逐微分博弈

考虑二维空间中多人追逐一人逃逸的简单运动的追逐微分博弈,首先对参与者的控制函数强加上了积分约束的条件,然后明确提出了可容许的追逐策略来得到追逐完备的充分条件。     

KICA模式匹配的动态过程监控与故障诊断方法

针对复杂化工过程具有的非线性、非高斯性和动态特征,提出了基于核独立成分分析(KICA)的模式匹配方法,用于动态过程监控和诊断。首先,利用滑动窗建立基准集与测试集的KICA模型,提取各自的核独立元:其次,融合余弦函数绝对值度量和距离度量,提出新的不相似度监控指标,识别训练与测试操作期间的相似模式,进行故障检测:最后,基于两类数据的核子空间之间的差异子空间,获得每个过程变量方向与该差异子空间之间的互信息,并定义新的非线性非高斯贡献度指标,进行故障诊断。基于污水处理过程的仿真结果表明,与主成分分析不相似度因子的方法、标准的独立成分分析(ICA)统计指标方法及标准的ICA T~2/SPE指标融合的贡献度方法相比,本文提出的方法具有更好的检测能力与故障诊断效果。     

基于云计算的多路网络流媒体分布式最优存储与分配策略

针对云计算系统在执行任务过程中的能量消耗过多、处理速度不理想等情况,提出一种基于云计算的多路网络流媒体分布式最优存储与分配策略.通过构建基于云计算的数学模型来分析执行任务时的能量消耗情况,采用基于虚拟调度机制的分布式最优存储策略来实现在满足存储需求的情况下减少服务器进行存储时的能量消耗总量,最小化存储成本,并采用基于动态决策规则的分配策略来根据服务器的功率、性能以及负载情况进行任务调度,使云计算系统在满足服务质量要求的条件下,充分利用系统运作能耗,不产生过多空闲能耗.实验及结果分析表明,所提出的分布式最优存储与分配策略在节省能量消耗、提升运行速度上发挥了较好的效果.