Comparative Evaluation of Several Direct Compression Sugars

Three new and two commercially available sugar matrices were comparatively evaluated for several fundamental properties of direct compression powder systems. These properties included: particle size distribution, powder flow (determined by a recording powder flow meter), bulk density and moisture content. The matrices studied were Dipac, Nutab, and California and Hawaiian (C & H) Products A, B, and C. These matrices were formulated in to chewable ascorbic acid, multivitamin, and antacid tablets, and analyzed for: weight uniformity, thickness, diameter, hardness, disintegration, resistance to impact stress, friability, dissolution and effect due to aging.

The data obtained showed that the new products (C & H products) were comparable, and in some cases, even superior to the commercially available ones.     

Void formation and solute segragation in Ti-14.4 at% Al

An alloy of Ti-14.4 at% Al was irradiated with 3.0 MeV ⁵⁸Ni ions at temperatures near 600°C and to damage levels from 1.3 to 14.7 dpa. TEM examination of these specimens showed the damage produced voids, dislocation loops and network dislocations. The undersize aluminum solute atom segregated to the voids, grain boundaries and the irradiated surface, causing enhanced precipitation of γ'-Ti₃Al at these sinks for point defects. Shells of $\text{α}{}_2\text{~ 75}\text{A}\text{?}$ thick coated the voids and a continuous film of γ' was observed on the irradiated surface and on some grain boundaries. The surface film of α₂ contained $\text{1}\text{3}\text{a 〈11}\text{2}\text{?}\text{0〉}$ antiphase boundaries. Voids have not been previously observed in irradiated hcp Ti and this is the first observation of substantial irradiation-induced segregation in an hcp alloy.     

Automatic particle detection through efficient Hough transforms

Manual selection of single particles in images acquired using cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) will become a significant bottleneck when a very large number of images are required to achieve three-dimensional reconstructions at near atomic resolution. Investigation of fast, accurate approaches for automatic particle detection has become one of the current challenges in the cryoEM community. At the same time, the investigation is hampered by the fact that few benchmark particles or image datasets exist in the community. The unavailability of such data makes it difficult to evaluate newly developed algorithms and to leverage expertise from other disciplines. The paper presents our recent contribution to this effort. It also describes our newly developed computational framework for particle detection, through the application of edge detection and a sequence of ordered Hough transforms. Experimental results using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as a model particle are very promising. In addition, it introduces a newly established web site, designed to support the investigation of automatic particle detection by providing an annotated image dataset of KLH available to the general scientific community.     

Normality evaluations and their relation to personality traits and well-being.

Despite frequent discussions of what it means to be normal in clinical, social, and personality psychology theory, the characteristics of individuals who call themselves normal are little understood. In 5 studies, the authors investigated various hypotheses concerning the nature of normality evaluations. The authors add to recent evidence that normality evaluations represent a distinct dimension of evaluative judgments, showing self-judgments of being normal (versus strange) to be relatively independent from self-judgments of being average (versus unique). Normality evaluations showed positive relations with communal traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, and were negatively related to openness to experience. Supporting a broader hypothesis that normality evaluations may be involved in directing or motivating personality development processes, normality evaluations were positively associated with well-being and a sense of fitting in with one's peers, and individuals who felt abnormal felt a heightened sense that they needed to improve their personality. Finally, the personality correlates of normality evaluations were found to change over the lifespan, largely in parallel with the actual mean-level development of personality traits with age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Study of the variation of the input impedance of induction machines with frequen

The results of a study of the variation of three-phase induction machines' input impedance with frequency are proposed. A range of motors were analysed, both two-pole and four-pole, and the magnitude and phase of the input impedance were obtained over a wide frequency range of 20 Hz-1 MHz. For test results that would be useful in the prediction of the performance of induction machines during typical use, a test procedure was developed to represent closely typical three-phase stator coil connections when the induction machine is driven by a three-phase inverter. In addition, tests were performed with the motor's cases both grounded and not grounded. The results of the study show that all induction machines of the type considered exhibit a multiresonant impedance profile, where the input impedance reaches at least one maximum as the input frequency is increased. Furthermore, the test results show that the grounding of the motor's case has a significant effect on the impedance profile. Methods to exploit the input impedance profile of an induction machine to optimise machine and inverter systems are also discussed.     

Charge trapping and interface states in hydrogen annealed HfO2–Si structures

Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors based on HfO₂ gate stacks with Al and TiN gates are compared to study the effect of the gate electrode material to the properties of insulator–semiconductor interface. The structures under study were shown to contain interface trap densities of around 2 × 10¹¹ cm⁻² eV⁻¹ for Al gate and up to 5.5 × 10¹² cm⁻² eV⁻¹ for TiN gate. The peak in the surface state distribution was found at 0.19 eV above the valence band edge for Al electrode. The respective capture cross-section is 6 × 10⁻¹⁷ cm² at 200 K.The charge injection experiments have revealed the presence of hole traps inside the dielectric layer. The Al-gate structure contains traps with effective capture cross-section of 1 × 10⁻²⁰ cm², and there are two types of traps in the TiN-gate structure with cross-sections of 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁹ and 1 × 10⁻²⁰ cm². Trap concentration in the structure with Al electrode was considerably lower than in the structure with TiN electrode.     

Charge trapping characterization of MOCVD HfO2/p-Si interfaces at cryogenic temperatures

The paper focuses on the study of charge trapping processes in high-k MOS structures at cryogenic temperatures. It was shown, that there is extremely strong trapping in shallow electron and hole traps, localized in the high-k dielectrics. Concentration of shallow electron traps is as much as 10¹³ cm⁻², while abnormal small capture cross-sections (4.5–8 × 10⁻²⁴ cm² for different samples, accordingly) suggests localization of shallow emitting electron traps in transition layer “high-k dielectric/Si”, more, than at the interface. Shallow hole traps with concentration near 10¹² cm⁻² are separated from silicon valence band with energy barrier in the range 10–39 meV for different samples.     

Tuneable electrical properties of hafnium aluminate gate dielectrics deposited by metal organic chemical vapour deposition

Hafnium aluminate (HfAlO) high-k films deposited by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) with various Al concentrations were investigated. The results of electrical measurements show the feasibility of adjusting the relative dielectric constant of the layers in a wide range (9–16), when the aluminium concentration varies between 4% and 38%. The minimum leakage current occurs for Al concentrations up to 9%. The thinner films show Poole–Frenkel-like conduction at low field and Fowler–Nordheim-like conduction at moderate/high field, even at higher concentrations of Al into the film, while thicker films show a higher hysteresis due to an increased number of slow trapping centres in the film.     

Clinical Pure Types as a Fuzzy Partition

Abstract

This paper discusses the applicability of the ideas of fuzzy sets and grades of membership to problems encountered in the quantification of clinical (i.e., diagnostic and prognostic) judgment. The methods of constrained maximum likelihood are used to derive consensus estimates of grades of membership given a set of categorical data and an a priori set of specified pure types. A numerical example is given.     

Fine lattice structures fabricated by extrusion freeforming: Process variables

This paper describes the main factors affecting the rapid prototyping of fine lattices by extrusion freeforming of powder, notably equipment accuracy, paste preparation, extrusion and post-processing and their effects on filament deposition and the defects that might be caused. Effective methods were devised in order to reduce the incidence of these defects. The results provide guidance for fabrication of very fine lattices from powder extrusion (comprising <100 μm diameter filaments) and improvement of sample quality.