Effect of altered sterol composition on the osmotic behavior of sphaeroplasts and mitochondria ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

The effect of sterols on the osmotic stability of mitochondrial and plasma membranes of yeast wild-types and mutants that are defective in ergosterol biosynthesis has been studied. Incorporation of the nonfungal sterol, cholesterol, into yeast membranes reduces membrane elasticity which is observed as an increased susceptibility to osmotic lysis. However, the wild-type and nystatin-resistant strains which were examined indicate that qualitative alterations in endogenously generated sterols do not affect resistance to swelling. Although these strains exhibit differences in membrane fluidity, which is influenced by the sterol accumulated by the organisms, the membrane stretching capacity shows no distinct dependence on sterol structure or bilayer fluidity.     

Development processes in social inference: Averaging of intentions and consequences in moral judgment.

Conducted 2 experiments wih 53 kindergartners, 33 1st graders, 12 5th and 6th graders, and 19 adults to test the applicability of N. H. Anderson's (see record 1971-24805-001) relative-weight averaging model to children's judgments based on intentions and consequences. Exp I provided support for the model over a wide age range (kindergarten through adult) using stimuli similar to J. Piaget's (1965) in which the intentions ranged from positive to negative and the consequences ranged from neutral to negative. Exp II extended Exp I by including consequences ranging from positive to negative. In Exp II, intentions and consequences interacted suggesting that some modification of the assumptions of the averaging model is necessary to fully account for the data. Data from the 2 experiments suggest that both intentions and consequences influence judgments at all ages examined and that developmental changes in moral judgments are continuous rather than stagelike. These developmental differences can best be described by changes in the weights of intentions and consequences. The major developmental change appears to be a decrease in the weight of consequences with increasing age. The possibility of using algebraic models to describe the results of studies that have attempted to influence the relative importance of intentions and consequences in children's moral judgments is discussed. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Heartwood of Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa, Leyland and Ovens cypress and prediction of its durability using near-infrared spectroscopy

The heartwood of plantation-grown Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa, Leyland and Ovens cypress (×Cuprocyparis leylandii and ×C. ovensii) from trials in New Zealand, was evaluated using breast height increment cores and in vitro decay tests with fungal cultures to determine the variation in the heartwood content and natural durability, and its prediction using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The increment core measurements showed the length of the cores was strongly influenced by the stocking and site, but the heartwood content and weight loss with decay testing were strongly influenced by species and genotype. The heartwood content was consistently high for C. macrocarpa, but varied widely for C. lusitanica, and the Leyland and Ovens cypress clones. The weight loss was similar for the species and cypress clones, with the heartwood classified as very durable and durable, but there were differences in the distributions of less durable heartwood. The NIR calibration models of mass loss with fungal decay testing had ratios of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 1.0–1.3, which suggests the models could be used to segregate the heartwood for high and low values of natural durability.     

The effect of test conditions on apparent smoke density from various materials

Four samples of thermoplastics and nine samples of wood were evaluated for smoke evolution in the Aminco-NBS smoke chamber under piloted (flaming) conditions, using two different types of pilot burners, and in the Arapahoe chamber.     

Manure Management at Ohio Confined Animal Feeding Facilities in the Maumee River Watershed

In 2015, 48 permitted Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) housed approximately 90% of poultry and 20% of swine and cattle within the Ohio portion of the Maumee River watershed. Recently, concerns about the impact CAFOs may have on nutrient loading in the watershed have been raised. In this study, we used manure management plans and inspection reports obtained from the Ohio Department of Agriculture Division of Livestock Environmental Permitting (ODA-DLEP) to assess how these CAFOs managed their manure for the years 2014 and 2015. A majority of liquid manure was applied between April and October, closely matching the amount of liquid manure planned to be applied during this period. Approximately 79% of the acres under control of the CAFOs that received manure had Bray P1 soil test phosphorus values below 50 ppm. The average distance between a swine CAFO’s livestock holding barn to the fields they control that can receive manure was 1.43 miles while for cattle CAFOs this distance was 1.91 miles. Approximately 78% of manure phosphorus generated on CAFOs was planned to be transferred through Distribution and Utilization, a process in which ownership of manure changes hands, including virtually all solid poultry manure phosphorus. While publicly available data show that, in general, CAFOs in the region are adhering to their state-approved permits, a knowledge gap regarding the management of approximately 80% of manure phosphorus exists due to manure transferred through Distribution and Utilization and manure produced from non-permitted livestock operations.     

DisplaySearch：宏基收购后的挣扎

Display Search新一季度笔记本市场的销售量及前景预测的研究报告指出：宏基在收购了Gateway和Packard Bell后似乎进行着一番挣扎。     

Seasonal and clonal variations in technological and thermal properties of raw Hevea natural rubber

This study was undertaken over a 10‐month period under environmental conditions within the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, to evaluate the causes of variation in the technological and thermal properties of raw natural rubber (NR) from different clones of Hevea brasiliensis (GT 1, PR 255, FX 3864, and RRIM 600). These clones were chosen to represent good clones available in Brazil. The technological properties of raw NR were evaluated in terms of their dry rubber content (DRC), Wallace plasticity, plasticity retention index (PRI), and Mooney viscosity. The thermal performance was evaluated with the thermogravimetry (TG)/differential thermogravimetry (DTG) technique. There were significant variations (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) between clones and tappings for all technological properties, except for the percentage DRC among the clones. Of the clones studied, clone PR 255 presented the highest sensitivity to thermooxidation, as measured by its PRI value. The clone type and period of the year did not significantly influence the thermal behavior (TG/DTG under a nitrogen atmosphere) among the four clones evaluated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effects of client aphasia on client evaluation and counselor behavior.

Examined whether differences exist in counselor behaviors toward and evaluation of an aphasic client in comparison to a nonaphasic client and whether such differences are related to counselor training. 40 counseling students were divided into 2 groups of 20, based on level of counselor training. 10 Ss in each group counseled individually with an aphasic-speaking client for 10 min, and the remaining 10 in each group counseled with the same client as a nonaphasic speaker. Counselor behaviors and evaluations of the confederate client were compared. Results demonstrate that irrespective of training, client aphasic speech significantly affected counselor behavior and evaluation of the client. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of Acacia condensed tannins on urinary parameters,body mass,and diet choice of an Acacia specialist rodent,Thallomys nigricauda

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary and physiological effects of condensed tannin ingestion on foregut fermenters, using Thallomys nigricauda, a folivorous rodent, as a model. We initially investigated the variability in physiological parameters, such as daily body mass (DM_b), daily feed intake, daily fecal energy loss (FE), daily energy intake (DEI), daily urine pH, and daily urinary ammonia and urea concentrations, in response to different diets with low condensed tannin levels. This experiment was conducted to identify which physiological variables showed the least variation in the absence of tannin. In a second experiment, we investigated the response of the same dietary and physiological parameters to the effects of high dietary condensed tannin ingestion in T. nigricauda. We hypothesized that DM_b, daily feed intake, FE, and DEI of T. nigricauda would be adversely affected by high dietary tannin content. We predicted that detoxification activity by T. nigricauda would increase at higher tannin levels. Ingestion of tannins affected the nutritional status of T. nigricauda, as shown by a decrease in body mass at high tannin levels. We also found that fewer ammonium ions were excreted in the urine by T. nigricauda, as would be expected if this were a means of regulating metabolic acidosis. The urine produced was more alkaline. This result indicates that T. nigricauda is not metabolizing these allelochemicals. Urea production was initially reduced, indicating conservation of bicarbonate ions that will neutralize blood acidity if there is detoxification. A diet choice experiment showed that tree rats avoid high tannin diets, even to the extent that they lose body mass on an alternative diet. This last-mentioned result is noteworthy because previous studies of the effects of tannins on herbivorous mammals have shown that there is physiological control rather than behavioral avoidance of the negative effects of tannin ingestion.